使不变

Let m be a finite μ-invariant measure of Q-matrix, as Q is totally stable, consists of a single absorbing state or single-instantaneous state, we prove that exists Q-processes P , in which m be a μ-invariant measure of P , and construct the Q-processes P .

第四章致力于μ不变测度的研究，设m是Q的有限μ不变测度，在Q是全稳定、单瞬时不可和准保守拟Q-矩阵，以及含有吸收态的情形，分别证明了存在Q过程P，使m是P的μ不变测度，并且都具体构造出Q过程。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, isdangerous, for they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary;and since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor improve, it

健壮者若变得过于肥胖则危险，因肥胖之躯不会固定不变；既不可能固定不变或有所改善，则只会每况愈下；为此应及时减肥，不可拖延，以便使身体恢复健康。

Many enterprises in advertising language issues often feel confused, in the 'change' and 'unchanged' on the horns of a dilemma,'no change' is very easy for the aging brand;'change' can very easily have unknown risks.

很多企业在广告语问题上常感困惑，在'变'与'不变'的问题上左右为难，'不变'很容易使品牌老化；'变'则很容易产生未知风险。

Firstly, the method of parameter variety by was tested, however, it is very complexity of computation. So, the method of parameter no-variety had been introduced in paper.

首先讨论了使用时变参数的卡尔曼滤波方法，分析了使用时变参数卡尔曼滤波的优缺点；为了提高计算的效率，本文提出了时不变参数的卡尔曼滤波算法来估计信号的时间延迟。

Carroll's fairy tale "Ailisi Roams Wonder world To record", narrated girl Ailisi follows one to put on formal clothes' pinkeye rabbit roaming fairyland story, has run into many strange people and the matter, is first falls down from a rabbit hole, drinks can make one changes the small liquid medicines, also ate has been able to cause the human becomes the very big biscuit, did not stop changes between the giant and the pocket-sized person changes, about the stature size, was Ailisi continuously the very puzzled matter, was also she meets frequently in the fairyland, behind also had rabbit gentleman in family's liquid medicines and the small dessert,Right side the larva aculeata colonel's left side increased changes the small mushroom, Lisi said that she did not know who she was, one kind of height could not maintain 10 minutes, therefore who her indefinite oneself were.

卡罗尔的童话《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》，讲述了一个小姑娘爱丽丝跟随一只穿礼服的红眼兔子漫游仙境的故事，遇到了许多奇奇怪怪的人和事，先是从一个兔子洞里掉下去，喝能使人变小的药水，又吃了能使人变得很大的饼干，不停地在巨人和袖珍人之间变来变去，关于身材的大小，是爱丽丝一直很困惑的事情，也是她在仙境中经常遇到的，后边还有兔子先生家里的药水和小点心，毛虫上校的左边变大右边变小的蘑菇，艾丽丝说，她不知道自己是谁，一种身高不能保持10分钟，所以她不确定自己是谁。

This very moment mood Real own because I very much treasure ourmeeting one another very very much, that has the certain fate, Ireally did not hope because of me the impulse idea, can cause oursentiment for a while to go bad Causes our friendship to change isnot good I really very much blame oneself, because own are the Chinese China'smatter manages again not not well also wants a type foreign countryold person to worry for me, I really very much do not have useful hereme only to be able with you to say again the sound sorry friend ofmine Hoped you can forgive my I since knew I have owed you to be very many always all do not have tobe able also to give you However this I have the difficulty to havein turn said with you, actually again I and you said previous two daysI had thought are very many, should I say with you, but when I makethe phone call for yours time I on regret But or said with you Againhere I hoped you do not blame me, I already very much to regret Triumphant I did not know I this action can let between us nearby thefriendship not be good Triumphant I knew the dissimilarity which weare the heart have cleverness but looked like you before to say,between us the communication really was very difficult to be verydifficult, but was in is difficult I also to hope which country nomatter you were at, perhaps worked I in there all to hope we couldhave the relation Between each other friendship is invariable, knewfinally is good..............

你好凯 此时此刻的心情。真实很很自己因为我很珍惜我们的相遇，那是有一定的缘分的，我真的不希望因为我的一时冲动的想法，会使我们的感情变坏。使我们的友谊变的不好。我真的很责备自己，因为自己是个中国人再中国的事办的不好还要样一个外国老人为我担心，我真的很没有用再这里我只能和您说声对不起我的朋友。希望你能够谅解我一次。我知道我欠你的很多一直以来都没有能够还给你。然而这依次我有困难有和你说，其实再我和你说的前两天我想了很多，我该不该和你说，可是当我把电话打给你的时候我就后悔。可是还是和你说了。再这里我希望你不要怪我，我已经很后悔了。凯我不知道我这次的举动会不会让我们之间的友谊边的不好。凯我知道我们是心有灵犀的但是就象你以前所说的一样，我们之间的沟通实在是很难很难，可是就算是在难我也希望不论你在哪个国家，或是在那里工作我都希望我们能有联系。彼此之间的友谊不变，知道最后好么。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

All the possibilities Things you can pick up and look beneath Just watch your step, Don't fall between the blanks in your memory There's an anchor sinking in the sound of a sense of lack that follows you around Years went by but I know it don't matter what you think of me I'm awake; don't let me go back to sleep Like a fugitive who just quit running Who found out there's no where to escape Some mistakes can't be undone It will never be like it was Wishing for it only makes it worse There's some demons waiting down south Some kind of confederate ghost It holds me close shows me the way to go Until I'm sure I'm lost I built a workshop to find myself Where I can dig in the corners climbing spider webs It's a polaroid cemetery of every look you're ever given me I'm awake; don't let me go back to sleep Like a fugitive who just quit running Who found out there's no where to escape Some mistakes can't be undone It will never be like it was Wishing for it only makes it worse Keep on riding capture feeling It's an outline of a real connection Treat your desires as what they are Imposters and lonely invitations Some mistakes can't be undone It will never be like it was Wishing for it only makes it worse

歌名：red dragon wishes 找机器翻得凑合着看吧所有的可能性您可以拿起看看下面只是看你的第一步，不属于之间的空白记忆有一个锚沉没的声音，一种缺乏下面你周围几年过去了，但我知道它不会不管你觉得我我很清醒，不要让我回去睡觉像一个逃犯谁刚刚退出运行谁发现了就没有地方逃走一些错误无法复原它绝不会像希望它不仅使情况变得更糟这里也有一些恶魔等待南下某种形式的邦联鬼它认为，我要表明我的路要走在此之前我相信我迷路了我建立了一个讲习班，里找到自己的如果我能挖在弯道爬蜘蛛网这是一个宝丽来墓地每期待你给我任何时候都我很清醒，不要让我回去睡觉像一个逃犯谁刚刚退出运行谁发现了就没有地方逃走一些错误无法复原它绝不会像希望它不仅使情况变得更糟继续骑马捕捉感觉这是一个真正的提纲连接对待你的愿望是什么骗子和寂寞邀请一些错误无法复原它绝不会像希望它不仅使情况变得更糟

Bellows Gate Valves However, in large differential pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator load requirements of the fluid volume decreased, but the actual situation the contrary, in the suction superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator outlet pressure be reduced accordingly, pressure changes above and below the diaphragm, causing the main valve opening increases for increased fluid; but in a small pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure rise, evaporator load demand for fluid volume increased, but the reality is that in the suction gas superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure rise, a corresponding increase in the evaporator outlet pressure, pressure difference above and below the diaphragm smaller, so that the main valve opening decreased for the reduction of liquid volume; in variable load is all about.

但在大压差工况下，蒸发压力降低，蒸发器负荷需求的液量减少，但实际情况相反，在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力降低，蒸发器出口压力相应降低，膜片上下的压差变大，使主阀开度增大，供液量增加；但在小压差工况下，蒸发压力上升，蒸发器负荷需求的液量增多，但实际情况是在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力上升，蒸发器出口压力相应提高，膜片上下的压差变小，使主阀开度减小，供液量减少；在变负荷下亦如此。

However, in large differential pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator load requirements of the fluid volume decreased, but the actual situation the contrary, in the suction superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator outlet pressure be reduced accordingly, pressure changes above and below the diaphragm, causing the main valve opening increases for increased fluid; but in a small pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure rise, evaporator load demand for fluid volume increased, but the reality is that in the suction gas superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure rise, a corresponding increase in the evaporator outlet pressure, pressure difference above and below the diaphragm smaller, so that the main valve opening decreased for the reduction of liquid volume; in variable load is all about.

但在大压差工况下，蒸发压力降低，蒸发器负荷需求的液量减少，但实际情况相反，在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力降低，蒸发器出口压力相应降低，膜片上下的压差变大，使主阀开度增大，供液量增加；但在小压差工况下，蒸发压力上升，蒸发器负荷需求的液量增多，但实际情况是在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力上升，蒸发器出口压力相应提高，膜片上下的压差变小，使主阀开度减小，供液量减少；在变负荷下亦如此。因此热力膨胀阀在变工况下供液量的调节方面需进一步改进。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。