使...影响

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

We did this for three reasons, first up is micromanagement, we did not want to make influencing countries a click fest.

我们这样做有三个原因，首先是微观管理，我们不想使影响国家的点击巨星。

According to the linear-modeling of the PLL, the bandwidth should be large to achieve fast locking and be small to reduce the ripple on the control voltage while the whole loop is near or in the state of lock.

因此设计适合条件的线性模式锁相回路，须设计较大的频宽使其能快速锁定电路，并在锁相回路整体回路接近锁定状态时使影响振荡器输入电压控制线之扰动减少。

Because the international commercial negotiations treater has represented different national and the local benefit, has the different social culture and the economical political background, people's values, the thinking mode, the behavior way, the language and the manners and customs are various, thus makes the influence negotiations the factor to be more complex.

拜托大家帮帮忙翻译一下，在线等，急用呀，非常感谢！由于国际商务谈判的谈判者代表了不同国家和地区的利益，有着不同的社会文化和经济政治背景，人们的价值观、思维方式、行为方式、语言及风俗习惯各不相同，从而使影响谈判的因素更加复杂。

The fourth, directed against the concrete conditions of three metropolises in our country in the present stage, we propose: [1] Recommend the sports view of quality": In the idea , we should change "strengthen health opinion" to "strengthen health-promote qualityopinion; [2] Pay attention to the transformation of the need motive: From the start with meeting the participant's inside motive and need, adopting different methods to the person of different demand levels, making the outside regulating activities which influence people to participate in the sports activities turn into the inside motive; [3] Upgrade the idea of sports of the school: According to the development in era, the existing sports ideas should be changed, and be carried on overall, systematic coordinated reform; [4] Orient the value of worker's sports again: Worker's sports is the investment of the social manpower capital, it is the main part of the corporate culture and enterprising spirit, it is not merely the worker's welfare , it is the welfare of the enterprise; [5] The society which develops masses' sports collects a group of quality : Interdynamic mass's sports is one of the important reasons why people insist on doing exercises.

第四，针对现阶段我国三大都市的具体情况，我们提出：（1）提倡"素质"体育观：在观念认识上，要把现行的"强身观"向"强身一提升素质"体育观念转变；（2）注重需要动机的转换：从适应参与者的内部动机和需要入手，对不同需求层次的人采用不同的方式方法，使影响人们参与体育活动的外部调节转化为内部动机；（3）更新学校体育的观念：根据时代的发展，改变现有的体育观念，进行全面的、系统的配套改革：（4）重新定位职工体育的价值：职工体育是社会人力资本的投资，是企业文化和企业精神的主要组成部分，它不仅是职工的福利，更是企业的福利；（5）开发群众体育的社会集群性：群体互动是人们坚持锻炼的重要原因之一。

Lever Ball Float Steam Traps biggest advantage is not subject to pressure,temperature,cooling water flow fluctuations,continuous drainage,a water that row,the minimum cooling degree 0℃,能使best efficiency heating equipment;lever float steam trap valve seat total in the following level,forming awater seal,no steam leakage;itsPlug Valves minimum working pressure 0.01Mpa,the maximum back pressure rate of≤85%;interior with exhaust,lever float steam traps use the most advanced components as the automatic emptying of diaphragm valves,can automatically exclude non-condensing gas,very sensitive,high quality work and long service life.

杠杆浮球式蒸汽疏水阀的最大优点是不受压力、温度、冷凝水流量波动的影响，连续排水，有水即排，最小过冷度为0℃，能使加热设备达到最佳工作效率；杠杆浮球式蒸汽疏水阀的阀座总处于液位以下，形成水封，无蒸汽泄漏；它的最低工作压力0.01Mpa，最大背压率≤85%；内部带有排气装置，杠杆浮球式蒸汽疏水阀采用最先进的膜盒元件做为自动排空气阀，能自动排除不凝结气体，非常灵敏，工作质量高，使用寿命长。

The results showed that rice straw growth and fascicular alteration interacted when water was deficient. It not only affected the transportation of nutritious substance from rhizine and leaf to kernel, but also led to the decrease of agronomic characters and yield. 4 ecotypes of rice vascular bund...

结果表明：水分不足对稻秆及秆中维管束的影响是相互的：稻秆的发育情况影响了维管束变化，同时维管束的变化影响了稻秆的发育，最终影响营养物质从根部、叶部向籽粒运输，从而使结粒数、稔实率、千粒重、产量下降。4种生态型水稻维管束系统与一次及高次枝梗数目、结粒数、千粒重等有类似的相关性，而且水分不足时反应出相同的结果，说明土壤水分对维管束系统的分化有很大的影响，水分不足将使维管束面积变小，维管束比增大，从而使产量变小。

In order to study the z-direction dimensional accuracy of laser sintering wax models for investment casting, both the shrinkage rate and the incrassation of bottom which affected the accuracy were separated by building calculation model.

中文摘要：为了研究激光烧结熔模铸造蜡模的z向尺寸精度，建立计算模型使影响精度的收缩率和底部增厚分离。

The effects of many factors in the wet end on drainage and retention of PEO/attapulgite system: During the scope of 2-12, pH has no effect on drainage, and retention ratio lower in acidic conditions and higher in neutral or alkaline conditions. There were some improvement on slurry's drainage and some impairment on retention efficiency for the existence of inorganic salts. Lignosulphonate had no effect on drainage and made retention ratio decrease 5-8%; lignosulphonate and xylan had no effect on drainage and made retention ratio decrease a little. 5 .Attapulgite could be modified by intercalation.

纸机湿部系统的影响因素对PEO／凹凸棒粘土助留体系的助留助滤效果的影响表现为：pH值在2-12范围内，对助滤效果是没有影响的，使助留效果在酸性条件下较差，而在中碱性条件下较好；无机盐的存在使浆料的滤水性能有一定的改善，使助留效果有所削弱；木质素磺酸盐对助滤效果是没有影响的，使留着率下降了5—8％；木质素磺酸盐与聚木糖对助滤效果也是没有影响的，使留着率略有下降。

However,some problems as low market concentration of industries, small-scaled enterprises,few famous brands and brand promiscuity,have restricted the further development of China′s green food industries and enterprises,which have not the clear competitive advantage of the industries .

但在国际贸易壁垒堤坝筑高和多样化的情况下，培育和发展产业竞争优势，使影响产业竞争优势的积极因素得到充分体现，改进和优化影响产业竞争优势的消极因素已成为一个亟待解决的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。