作家

Last year an anthology of criticism titled "Pulling Yu Hua's Teeth" charged the author of "Brothers" with several crimes: selling out to the very forces of commercialism and vulgarity anatomized in his novel; promoting a negative image of China and Chinese writers to the West; sinking into "a world of filth, chaos, stench and blackness, without the slightest scrap of dignity"; being a carpetbagging peasant who gives himself literary airs.

去年出版的一本评论集《给余华拔牙》列举了这位作家的几条罪状：出卖他小说中剖析的商业化和庸俗；向西方宣扬了中国和中国作家负面的形象；沉沦在&脏、乱、臭、黑的世界里&，一点尊严的影子都找不到；一个为自己套上文学光环的土农民。

According to Arrom, households headed by females and instances of women working outside the home were much more common than scholars have estimated; efforts by the Mexican government to encourage female education resulted in increased female literacy; and influential male writers wrote pieces advocating education, employment, and increased family responsibilities for women, while deploring women's political and marital inequality.

根据Arrom的观点，以女性当家或者妇女在外工作的情况已经远比专家们所预想的要普遍了；密西根政府鼓励女性教育以提高他们的知识；有影响力的男作家也通过他们的作品提倡女性的教育，就业和更多的家庭责任，同时作家们也在为妇女们政治和婚姻上所遭遇的不平等而叹息。

Literature of network is beginning stragglers and disbanded soldiers to develop to the normalization of standardize from.

它的逐渐成熟也渐渐的影响到了传统作家的创作，现在有更多的传统作家，将自己的文学阵地搬进了网络。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing people\'s striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing peoples striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Of the high investment that exhibits greatly to this network literature and network literature manage with gain, well-known writer Liu Zhenyun laughs: I am a traditional writer, my network literature idea is basic royal CEO Hou Xiaojiang engrafts, he tells me start Chinese to the net expresses a character everyday 30 million, click 3 100 million.

对于此次网络文学大展的高投入以及网络文学的经营与赢利，著名作家刘震云笑道：我是一个传统作家，我的网络文学概念基本是盛大的CEO侯小强灌输的，他告诉我起点中文网每天发表文字3000万，点击3个亿。

The gender violence in the Chinese -American Literatures is a challenge to the 1960s' Model Minority Myth which estranges Asian Americans from other minorities,especially Afro-Americans by restricts their free character development.

在这一书写过程中，性别暴力为华裔和非裔作家所运用和重视，只是二者之间存在着较大的分歧和区别。裔和非裔作家控诉了美国主流社会对于少数族的歧视。

The other is estranging and rejecting of the city. For the culture of mordern city, Jiapingwa is repellent in a great degree. These were embodied by the depicting about the city and the culture of city in his many novels on Shangzhou and the searching lost spiritual home in his several novels on the city "Xijing".

一、守望、咏唱乡土：作家饱深情地歌赞了乡土神奇、美丽的地域景观，充满执着地张扬着生活在乡土之上的人们健康、优美、高尚的爱情婚姻道德观念与仁义、正直、坚韧、富于血性的侠义行为；二、疏离、排拒都市：贾平凹对现代都市文明很大程度上是排斥的，这体现在其诸多商州小说中对都市与都市文化贬抑的描写上，体现在作家在几部关于&西京&的小说中对失去精神家园的痛苦追寻上。

Third chapter—the praising of formidable vitality.On the one hand the writer eulogizes the earth motherhood in the rich folk lifeand the straightforward human nature, had found in the heart root for us; On the otherhand, causes the writer to the misery portrays the lowest level people's tenacious souland the tender feeling mind with affable and the dignified words unique.

第三章对强大生命力的赞颂一方面作家在丰富的民间生活和直白的人性中讴歌大地母性，为我们找到了心中的根；另一方面，对苦难的超脱使作家用舒缓而又凝重的笔墨刻画最底层人民坚韧的灵魂和温情的心灵。

From the writers who went southwards to Nanyang from the late-1920s to the early-1930s, I select three Chinese revolutionary writers as examples in the present paper. From their main experiences, important activities before going southwards and their social activities, cultural activities during exiling in Nanyang and their relative cultural activities after returning to homeland, It is not difficult to discover that using the writers who went Southwards as intermediaries, the Chinese proletarian literature movement during the 1920s-1930s promote the Nanyang " Lately Arising Literature Movement" to grow up.

本论文选取20世纪20年代末至30年代初南下南洋的三位中国革命作家洪灵菲、许杰、马宁，对他们在南下前的主要经历和重要活动，流亡南洋期间所从事的社会活动和文化活动，以及回国后所继续从事的与南洋有关的文学活动加以爬梳，从中不难发现，中国20世纪20-30年代的无产阶级革命文学运动，透过南下作家这一中介促使了南洋&新兴文学运动&的崛起，继而对当地的文学艺术、社会思想等各方面产生程度不同的影响。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。