作家

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

But the Latin writers, Rufinus and Cassian, gave accounts of Eastern monachism, and Palladius and the later Greek writers were early translated into Latin.

但是，拉丁美洲作家， Rufinus和Cassian ，叙述了东方monachism和帕拉丢斯和希腊作家后来被翻译成早期拉丁美洲。

Montaigne was a writer to whom my father returned often, a writer he recommended to me.

蒙田是父亲经常反复咀嚼的一个作家，也是他一直向我推荐的作家。

From morbidezza and softness to impulsion and sentiment, it is the important conversion. It is inconsistent that have impulsion and sentiment in the same period. This is the embodiment that writers have the dilemma in moral at that time. Literature in 1920s pour out the Chinese modern writers' dilemma in moral with its' particular aesthetics style.

既"冲动激越"又"感伤苦闷"，这本来就自相矛盾的两种风格却不可思议地统一于这一时期的诸多作品中，正是道德两难困境在1920年代中国作家身上的体现。1920年代文学以其独特的美学风格诉说着中国现代作家的道德两难困境。

And they're going to bring a lot of Newfoundland paraphernalia to sell the writers as Newfoundland writers. she said.

当然，我们还带来了大量的纽芬兰的东西，到时会向与会的作家们，当然也包括纽芬兰的作家们出售。

The author, Xinran Xue, who uses the name Xinran as a nom de plume, is an old hand.

曾经用欣然作为笔名的作家薛欣然是一位优秀的作家。

As for the writing of India, there exit some complicated and intricate historical relations between colonial literature and post-colonial literature , which is related to the Orientalist attitude of British writers and Indian-British writers.

殖民文学与后殖民文学在书写东方印度主题方面，存在一些复杂微妙的历史联系，存在着历时性和共时性的"东方"话语，这与一些英国作家和印裔英国作家的东方主义心态有关。

Abatract As for the writing of India, there exit some complicate historical relations between colonial literature and post-colonial literature, which is related to the orientalist attitudes of the English writers and Indian English writers.

四川大学文学与新闻学院比较文学系，成都 610064）摘要殖民文学与后殖民文学在书写东方印度主题方面，存在一些复杂微妙的历史联系，这与一些英国作家和印裔英国作家的东方主义心态有关。

Organizations for writers palliate the writer's loneliness, but I doubt if they improve his writing.

作家的组织固然可以排遣他们的孤独，但是我怀疑它们未必能够促进作家的创作。

The aesthetic motive is very feeble in a lot of writers, but even a pamphleteer or a writer of textbooks will have pet words and phrases which appeal to him for nonutilitarian reasons; or he may feel strongly about typography, width of margins, etc.

热衷于美的动机在不少作家身上是很薄弱的，但即使是写小册子或教科书的作家，也有一些他偏宠的得意的词语。这些语词投其所好并不是由于其实用价值。也许他对印刷的格局很挑剔，对书眉的宽窄很讲究，或有其他什么好恶。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。