作为货币

The validity of money supply"s being ITMP decreased consumedly as incessant opening of economy, finance innovation day and month, finance integration, development of finance technology and the birth of electron money, which all lead to low controllability of money supply and money" endogen sis to a great extent.

随着我国经济开放程度不断提高，金融创新日新月异，金融一体化、利率市场化、金融技术发展、电子货币的出现导致货币供应量可控性降低、内生性增强，货币供应量作为ITMP的有效性大为降低。

July 1, National bills and coins of those countries with the Euro as currency are no legal tender.

7月1日，使用欧元作为法定货币的那些欧洲国家，本国货币不再是法定货币。

In the research to demand of International reserves,first, according to the affective character of demand to transition of International reserves, choosing the decision theory of Markov and dynamic transition equation as basic model, the paper has set up two transition methods--- stationary matrix and dynamic matrix, the later matrix has improved the sensitive reaction to time and velocity. Second, combining with knowledge of linear algebra, the paper has analyzed and testified the positive associated relation between transition matrix elements on main diagonal and the convergent speed of system, and explained why international reserves transition embodies the character under new situation and why the transition process can be accelerated by the strike of international idle money. Third,on the quantitative calculating to elements of transition matrix,referring to multiplication theory and decomposing-composing method of system, the paper has transformed main three-factor deciding confidence of international monetary into detail modulus by comparing analysis measure,now the matrix has been decided.

在国际储备的需求分析研究中，本文首先选择马尔可夫转移方程作为基础模型，根据需求对外汇储备结构的影响特点，提出非定常转移矩阵变换方法，拓展了马尔可夫变换对时间和速度的敏感性；结合线性代数知识，分析证明了定常转移矩阵的主对角线元素值的大小与系统的收敛速度的正向关联关系，并利用结论解释了国际货币新动向下外汇储备转换表现出的趋势特点以及国际游资冲击对国际货币结构变化的加速影响；在转移矩阵元素的量化计算上，本文参考乘数理论和系统分解合成原理，采用对比分析方法把影响国际货币信心的三大要素综合量化为转移偏好系数，然后根据转移偏好系数确定转移矩阵的元素值，其中还分别具体给出了定常转移矩阵和非定常转移矩阵的计算方法及在变换中的使用方法，从而不仅在定量分析上应证了定性分析结论，而且反映了随时间变化的美圆、欧元、日圆的比例结构均衡过程。

Chohwa , which was made of standardized mulberry-bark paper early in the Joseon period, become the first legal paper money and was used as a medium of exchange in place of coins.From the 17th century until the end of the 19th century, Sang Pyong Tong Bo copper coins were the most widely circulated currency.The mintage and circulation of modern currency began during the last years of the old Korean Empire as a result of contact with the West.Around the time of the trial adoption of the gold standard in 1901, gold and silver coins were in circulation along with some Japanese bank notes.In 1909, the Bank of Korea was founded in Seoul as a central bank and began issuing currency of modern type.After Korea lost her sovereignty to Japan in 1910, the Bank of Korea was renamed the Bank of Chosn, until Korea's independence in 1945 at the end of World War II.

Chohwa、标准化mulberry-bark早在朝鲜进行期间，成为第一个合法的纸币和被用作一种交换媒介的硬币从17世纪到19世纪末，唱Pyong通博铜纪念币被认为是最广为流传的货币这个mintage和循环的现代货币开始在过去几年的老韩国帝国由于接触西方在一次试验所采用的标准1901年，金银铸币在循环连同一些日本银行纸币1909年，韩国银行成立于首尔作为中央银行发行的货币，现代类型韩国失去了她的主权后，日本在1910年，韩国央行改名为银行的独立性，直到朝鲜Chos？

Marx says in Volume I,"Exclusion of money from circulation would also exclude absolutely its self-expansion as capital, while accumulation of a hoard in the shape of commodities would be sheer tomfoolery."

在第一卷中，马克思指出，"把货币贮藏起来不加入流通，同把货币作为资本而增值，恰恰是相反的两回事，从货币贮藏的意义上进行商品积累，是十足的愚蠢行为。"

As a country with an ancient civilization, China has used money over four thousand years that takes up an important part in world's money history and it cultivates a rich and varied money culture.

作为一个历史悠久的文明古国，中国使用货币有四千多年的历史，在世界货币文化史上举足轻重，丰富多彩的货币文化也是优秀传统文化之一。

Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

Convertible release (of 18% currency) Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

解除可转换限制世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

Because money is generally accepted as payment for any purchase, a baker who sells bread for money can use the money to buy meat or anything else he wants.

然而，货币可以作为所有购物的公认的支付手段，面包商可以卖面包获得货币，然后用货币来购买肉或其它想要的东西。

Mr. Kemps favored economic scholar is Robert Mundell, who received his Nobel for historical research on the operation of the gold standard and his theory of optimal currency areas.

这种制度使货币没有一个稳定的&锚&作为依托，导致所有国家在经济低迷时期都想把货币贬值作为一种政策工具。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。