作为结果的

In our generalized canonical ensemble for finite number of particles, all fundamental thermodynamic quantities fluctuate, including the entropy and temperature, and all fluctuations are gradually vanishing as the temperature itself approaches zero.

然后我们区分了温度涨落本身和作为强度量的温度涨落这两个物理量。在热力学极限下，我们的理论能回复到所有合理的结果，包括作为强度量的温度涨落都能给出通常的结果。

Reductive conversion of geraniol to citronellol is adopted as a model reaction, and several factors in the reaction are discussed using gas chromatography method. The influence of n-hexane and butyl acetate, as organic solvents, on biocompatibility was studied; the influence of methanol, ethanol, glycol, n-butanol and 1-hexanol, as energy substance, on the transformation efficiency was compared, respectively; the catalysis capabilities of Baker's yeast, XST-KO yeast, LP yeast, alcohol yeast, dry yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Angel yeast and Meishan yeast were discussed. It has been proved that biocompatibility of n-hexane are much better than that of butyl acetate, and the hexane has been demonstrated the most effective in terms of the influence on biotransformation, Baker's yeast has shown the highest tranformation efficiency among the eight yeast strains.

以香叶醇转化为香茅醇作为模型反应，通过气相色谱法进行定性和定量分析研究了影响该有机相生物转化反应的几个基本因素，考察了两种有机溶剂正己烷和乙酸丁酯对生物相容性的影响，选用甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、正丁醇和l-己醇分别作为能量物质进行实验，比较其对转化的影响并探讨了Baker's酵母、XST-KO酵母、LP酵母、酒精酵母、假丝酵母、干酵母、安琪酵母和梅山酵母八种不同酵母作为生物催化剂对模型反应的催化能力，结果表明，正己烷作为有机溶剂，其生物相容性明显好于乙酸丁酯，更加有利于该生物转化反应进行；乙二醇作为能量物质，该模型反应转化率最高；而 Baker's酵母作为生物催化剂，对该模型反应的催化能力最强，最适合作为该模型反应的催化剂。

These three groups show the lowest willingness to pay for the fee of increasing the government's tax revenue. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the highest willingness to pay fee for the use of education in ecological. The group of protecting environment shows the highest willingness to pay for the fee of interpreter's salary. The groups of protecting environment and positive concernment show the difference between the fees of ecological preservation. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the difference fees of ecological education. The group of positive concernment shows the highest willingness to pay fee to the use of interpreter's salary, ecological preservation, increasing governments' tax revenue, and the use about ecological education.

研究结果发现此三集群游客均对於支付解服务费用作为增加政府税收之愿付价格为最低；「大众消费」及「热衷投入」集群均对於支付费用作为生态保育经费之愿付价格最高，「保护环境」集群则对於支付费用作为解员薪资之愿付价格最高；「保护环境」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态保育经费有显著性差；「大众消费」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态教育费用亦有显著性的差；「热衷投入」集群对於支付解服务费用作为解员之薪资、生态保育经费、政府税收和教育经费的愿付价格均是三集群中最高。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

Clinical experimentation cases have been worked by dividing them into two groups: training group (18 cases) and control group (15 cases), by comparing with the measuring results of the OMRON electronic sphygmomanometer.

通过临床33例人体实验，其中18人作为训练组，15人作为对照组，并与基于传统充气袖带测量的OMRON电子血压仪测量结果作对照验证，结果表明有较好的一致性。

Methods: water decocting method for extracting method, ether as extraction solvent with high performance liquid chromatography, as the means, to test content of methanol 0-3 % diethylamine (73:27) as mobile phase, 242nm detected wavelength, according to the packing: Hypersil BOS C18 5 muon m size: 6 mm (4): 25 mm, standard curve basic linear, precision, accuracy, good stability and.

以水煎煮法作为提取方法，乙醚作为萃取溶剂，以高效液相色谱作为含量检测的手段，以甲醇-0。 3 %二乙胺(73∶27)作为流动相，检测波长242nm，依利特填料：Hypersil BOS C18 5μm 尺寸：4。 6 mm ×250 mm ，结果：标准曲线基本呈线性，精密度，稳定性和准确度良好。

The whole PWM circuit contains two subcircuit, the front-end is PWM module that make up of the counter that based on nine MOSFET True-Single-Phase-Clock D flip-flop; the back-end is demodulated module, which is consist of a three order Chebyshev low-pass filter used trans-conductor capacitor. All the subcircuits are simulated. At last, an approving simulated result of the whole circuit is given too.

在调制部分，利用九管单相时钟D触发器构成计数器，并由此组成了脉冲宽度调制电路，同时给出了在典型温度下的仿真结果；在解调部分，介绍了低通滤波器从无源到有源的设计方法，设计了三阶切比雪夫低通跨导电容滤波器，同样给出了相应的仿真结果；最后，作为将脉冲宽度调制电路和滤波器作为整体电路，以脉冲调频波为输入进行了仿真，取得了令人满意的结果。

The method of metrological traceability of values for catalytic concentration of enzymes is now widely recognized as the combination of reference materials, reference measurement procedures and network of reference laboratories. Reference materials that are value-assigned using an internationally agreed upon protocol play an important role in this system and now reference materials or calibrators have come to our attention in our country.

随着人们对酶标准化工作和计量学溯源体系的深入认识，参考方法、参考物质和参考实验室网络的结合成为国内外普遍认可的实现酶活性测定标准化的重要途径，而使用公认的酶校准物作为载体，将测定结果的数值在参考方法和常规方法间进行准确性的传递是目前酶标准化工作的关键环节之一。

But in the Crusades we see an event, filling its definite place in history, without which the modern history of Europe is inconceivable, although to the chroniclers of the Crusades, those events appeared simply due to the will of a few persons.

三、第三类根据是，我们对理性所必然要求的无穷无尽的因果关系的了解，而且为我们所理解的每一现象（因而也是人的每一次行动），作为以往的现象的结果和以后的现象的原因，应当有它的确定的地位。

Although Wu has gone through a real estate property market in Shenzhen, the most dance peak years, but this is the process of urbanization in Shenzhen an inevitable result, from such a "big development" era, from the development of real-time intensity and the supply of a "market focus" point of view, Wu has been its own "development era", of course, there is no need to hold high the so-called "renaissance" banner, after all, as the development of the city's growth Like his body can not always at the "development" mode, to a certain stage, he continues to grow up just thinking and meaning!

虽然经历了房地产市场在深圳，最舞蹈高峰年，但是这是城市化进程在深圳的一个必然结果，从这样一个&大发展&的时代，从发展的实际时间强度和供应的&市场集中&的角度来看，吴一直在自己的&发展的时代&，当然，没有必要高举所谓的&文艺复兴&的旗帜，毕竟，作为发展的城市增长像他的身体不能总是在&发展&模式，到某个阶段，他继续成长，只是思维和意义！

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。