作为结果

ABSTRACT This dissertation, based on the theories of geography, ecology, economics, sociology and environmental sciences, has analyzed the impact of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry on the mechanism of desertification in Kerqin Sandy Region, of which behavior mechanism of local people was emphasized. The changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy in semi-arid regions was discussed after having explored the primary reasons of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering. Followings are the main research works having been done.

本文选取科尔沁沙地作为研究区域，以两种最主要的土地利用方式、也是两种最主要的生产方式——农、牧业作为研究对象，依据地理学、生态学、经济学、社会学与环境科学的基本理论与方法，基于现有研究资料的系统整合，结合野外调查的结果，从更加综合的角度，来研究农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的影响机理，从农、牧业选择变化的角度来揭示&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，进而寻求中国北方半干旱地区生态环境综合整治的对策。

The results show that under the follow conditions: pyrolysis temperature 270癈,active carbon and: ethyne black=9:l, carbon pretreated with HNOs, 7.18% Mn(NO3)2(vs. carbon support) catalyst can exhibit the best performance. In order to improve the electrocatalystic performance of MnO2, Pb(CH3COO)2 , La(NO3)3-6H2O and Ce(NO3)3-6H2O are chosen as additives of MnCVC air electrode . Electrochemical performance of the electrodes is studied by current-potential polarization curves.

为了提高催化剂的性能，选择了醋酸铅、稀土作为添加剂，采用稳态极化和交流阻抗测试方法，结果表明：铅的氧化物、稀土La和Ce可作为MnO_2催化剂的助剂来促进氧气还原反应的进行，醋酸铅添加7.5％时极化最小，在一般金属-空气电池的工作电流密度20～50mA／cm~(-2)下，电位比单独MnO_2催化剂可提升30～50mV。

The results showed that when both β-actin and GAPDH were used as internal control the MYH mRNA expression was complete consistent, and its expression was increased from the gastrula stage to larval stage, which represented the statistic significant difference at the level of 0.05 possibility. However, the level of mRNA expression during the developmental stages was instable when 18S rRNA was used as internal control gene.

研究结果表明，以β-actin和GAPDH作为内参，MYH基因mRNA表达水平完全一致，其表达量从原肠到仔鱼阶段逐次递增，仔鱼与原肠期阶段相比表达量差异显著；当采用18S rRNA作为内参时，MYH基因mRNA在发育阶段的表达量呈不稳定状态。

Gondii, were cloned by PCR respectively. The PCR products were digested by the corresponding enzymes and ligatd into the intermedial vectors. Finally, the inducible RNAi vector, pBSK-HSP70/5UTR-IntronC-HSP70/3UTR, with the HSP70 gene promotor as a promotor, the intron C sequence ofβ-tubulin gene as intervening sequence, 3UTR sequences of HSP70 gene as transcription stop signals, was constructed successfully, and the results of sequencing were correct. 3The construction of the inherited and inducible RNAi vector system of T. gondii: The fragment of SAG1/5UTR-eGFP-SAG1/3UTR in pBSK-SAG1/GFP vector was cloned into the vector of pBSK-HSP70/5UTR-IntronC-HSP70/3UTR to construct pBSK-GFP-Hairpin vector, then the fragment of GFP-Hairpin in pBSK-GFP-Hairpin vector was cloned into pHANA-0.5 vector.

弓形虫可诱导的反向重复序列RNAi载体的构建：设计引物，通过PCR分别扩增弓形虫HSP70基因5&UTR启动子序列(HSP70／5UTR)、HSP70基因3&UTR序列(HSP70／3UTR)及β-微管蛋白基因内含子C序列，通过酶切连接，构建以弓形虫热休克蛋白HSP70基因启动子进行驱动的，以β-微管蛋白基因内含子C序列作为间隔序列，以HSP70基因3UTR序列作为转录终止信号的反向重复序列RNAi载体pBSK-HSP70／5UTR-IntronC-HSP70／3UTR，序列测定结果正确。

Results:(1) CBC possesses a natural trabecular structure. Its components is similar to the mineral of bone.(2) CBC has great cellur biocompatibility. It can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and secretory while needn t modification.(3) In nude mice, the ectopic osteogenesis of MCCAB was obvious which was better than that of CBC alone and the new bone formation increased in pace with time. In the MCCAB, both intramembranous and cartilaginous osteogeneses were seen but the former dominated.(4) When MCCAB was autotransplanted intramuscularly, the osteogenesis was much better than that of negative control groups.(5) The MCCAB can repair autogenous calvaria defects effectively and the effect was much better than that of CBM alone and blank group. Conclusion:(1) CBC possesses good biocompatibility, osteoconduction and porous structure, can be used as scaffold material for constructing of tissue engineering bone.

结果：(1)CBC具有天然的多孔网状结构，最大程度地保持了骨矿的微结构特征，可以作为骨组织工程的支架材料；(2)CBC细胞亲和性好，不需作修饰即能促进成骨细胞的粘附、增殖和分泌活动；(3)MSO/CBC复合人工骨在裸鼠皮下异位成骨作用明显，兼有膜内成骨和软骨内成骨的特点，成骨效果明显优于单纯CBC植入组；(4)MSO/CBC复合人工骨兔自体肌袋异位成骨作用明显，血管化充分，成骨效果明显优于单纯CBC植入组；(5)MSO/CBC复合人工骨修复兔颅骨临界性缺损效果好，明显优于单纯植入CBC组和空白对第四旱区大学硕士学位论文一照组，可以作为骨移植替代材料用于骨缺损畸形修复。

The research results indicate that LED integrated photopanel as interior illuminant, which emit monochromic light such as red light(660～680nm)and blue light(430～450nm), not only cover with spectrums absorbed by the plant or algae for photosynthesis, enhance the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll a and the growth of Spirulina platensis, increase greatly microalgal biomass and the its content of photosynthetic pigments; but also decrease enormously the absorption spectrums not need for photosynthesis, save energy at more than 38.75%.

从LED集成光电板的光电特性、光热效应、光衰减性、光辐射特征与植物和藻类光吸收特征的相匹配性及LED辐射单色光对螺旋藻的光合色素含量的影响等几方面，分析研究了LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器内部光源的特性及可行性，研究结果表明，LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器的内部光源，它所发射的单色光谱红光660～680nm、蓝光(430～450nm，不仅能覆盖植物和藻类光合作用所需要吸收的光谱能带，促进叶绿素a对光能的吸收和螺旋藻的生长，增强光合作用，使细胞生物量与光合色素含量显著提高；而且不被吸收的光谱减少，节能达38.75％，无疑它将是光生物反应器潜在最有效的光源。

The result showed the niobic acid has high catalytic activity and stability when it is used as solid acid catalyst and support, and it can be used more widely.

结果表明，无论是作为固体酸催化剂还是作为载体，铌酸都表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性，具有良好的应用前景。

The catalytic activity of esterification of diisooctyl terephthalate was studied,with stannous oxide,stannous chloride,stannous octoate and their synergism as catalyst.

以3种亚锡类催化剂氧化亚锡、氯化亚锡、辛酸亚锡以及它们之间复配后作为催化剂，对对苯二甲酸二异辛酯酯化反应的催化活性进行了研究，实验结果表明，以氧化亚锡和辛酸亚锡复配后的催化活性最高，氧化亚锡和辛酸亚锡作为催化剂的酯化反应最佳合成工艺条件为：催化剂的加量为0。

The results show that strain 12.926 could make good use of Molasses as the carbon source;it could utilize KNO 3 as the nitrogen source effectively;48 h seed age was suitable;30% seed volume was required;The cell growth lipid formation and the production of palmitoleic acid were also influenced by initial pH markedly.

结果表明，12.926 酵母菌株能充分利用糖蜜作为碳源，能有效地利用硝酸钾作为氮源，种子种龄以48 h为适，接种量为30％，起始pH 值对菌体生长，油脂产生及棕榈油酸含量都有显著的影响。

According to the principles of synthesis, dominance, regionality and relative consistency, the environment degradation evaluation system is divided into three classes: vulnerable region, vulnerable type and vulnerable cell. The research area belongs to the erosion degraded Southern Red Hilly Area region. Based on the conceptions and grading, the dissertation probes into the methodology of evaluation and case study, and establishes a potential degradation evaluation system which comprises altitude, gradient, soil erosion index K, annual rainfall, the proportion of rainfall in raining period, and the drought index of rainless period.

在脆弱性概念及其分类的基础上，本文进行了脆弱性评估的方法探讨和实证研究，在脆弱性分析的基础上，选择高度、坡度、土壤可蚀性K值、降雨量、暴雨量、多雨期降雨比重和少雨期干旱指数为潜在脆弱度指标；选取作为区域人地关系、社会经济发展与管理水平综合影响结果的人类活动指标森林覆盖率和坡耕地指数作为现实脆弱度评估的人为加速侵蚀的修正指标，计算生态环境的现实脆弱度，并将其指标体系与方法用于衡阳盆地生态环境脆弱度评估的实证研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。