作为...的前提

From the first chapter to the forth chapter, it summarizes four France capitalistic ideas on equality: the idealistic equality, the empirical equality, the systematized equality, and the singular equality. Then, it can be explored minutely from representative character, advance presupposition, doctrinal content, objective state, practical counterpoint, institutional embodiment, the tend of practice, theory extending and so on. In the fifth chapter, it researches into their contradiction and contestation between the four equalities, indicates their class-conscious essence, and tries to find out a direction to sole these questions. In the sixth chapter, as the intrinsic tendency of soling these deep-seated contradictions of the four equalities, the paper traces the process of France communism from chimerical idea to scientific theory, so that it can point out a gospel: the scientific socialism is the one and only way to surmount these embarrassments of capitalistic theories on equality. At the last chapter, according to our reviews about theories of equality during the hundred years in France, it can conclude some political apocalypse from our history. Owning the wisdom, we could choose our road to the equality, by using these experiences in the west political histories.

第一章到第四章，总结了带有法国资本主义特征的四种平等思想：法国理想平等观、法国经验平等观、法国体系平等观和法国单元平等观，并在代表人物、前提预设、学说内容、目标状态、现实对应、制度体现及其实践倾向和理论扩展等方面进行细致化地考察；第五章，探析四种平等观之间的内在矛盾和论争，指出其学说的阶级本质，同时试图探寻解决问题的方向；第六章，作为解决以上四种平等观之间深层矛盾的内在趋向，文章考察了法国共产主义平等思想由空想向科学的发展，进而指出只有科学社会主义才能走出资本主义平等理论的泥沼；在文章的最后，本文依据对法国百年平等思想史的考察，总结出历史所带给我们的政治启示，以使我们用西方政治的历史经验来选择我们自己的平等之路！

Third, development and perfection of system of distribution mainly include perfection of budget (the principle of budgeted revenue and expenditure in balance, unification of budget system, perfection of double budget and strengthen of supervision on budget), reform of tax system(realization of fairness in tax, coordination of profit distribution of tax, pushing on reform of tax system and complying out tax law),distributive system of financial expenditure(the goal of public financial, structure of financial expenditure, scale of financial expenditure, supervision of financial expenditure, efficiency of financial capital) etc.

作为一种物质利益关系的集中体现，分配的公平与否以及公平的实现程度，基本取决于分配前提的平等性、分配规则的公平性、分配过程的秩序性和分配结果的合理性，其中的关键是分配规则或分配制度问题。因此，把分配引入法律特别是经济法的研究视野，无论是在分配理论的创新上，还是在分配制度的改革上，都具有积极而重要的意义。

It expounds the long-term global strategy and its grounds of America after World War I , the equipollence strategy of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean in 1920s' as the premise of Neutral Acts and the historical background of the emergence. It also expounds the leading role and the plan of the Neutral Acts by President Roosevelt and the influence of the Neutral Acts on the international politics.

包括一战后美国的全球战略及其根据、作为"中立法"实施前提的20年代"两洋战略"、30年代"中立法"产生的历史背景、罗斯福对"中立法"立法的主导和谋划，以及"中立法"对国际政治的影响。

Then is a factual premiss, saying that a certain disposition is necessary, sufficient, or at least helpful in achieving a certain end (or living by a certain principle); it will usually be of a kind that depends on experience and science for its verification, but in some theories of education it might come from metaphysics or theology.

那么，作为一个事实前提，说明了一个确定的性状是必需的、足够的，或至少有益于实现特定的目标（或存在依靠一特定的原则）；它通常将属于一种依赖经验和科学来证实，但是，在有的教育理论中它可能来自形而上学或神学。

As the foundation and precondition of the dissemination of Marxism in China,the prevalence of Scientism was in step with the development of Marxism in China.

作为马克思主义在中国传播的思想基础和前提的科学主义的盛行是与马克思主义在中国的发展同步进行的。

The critical study on his theory of objective imputation is helpful to have a more deep under-standing on the theory, and it can arose the group of the criminal law and the whole law attach importanceto,and evolve us study and apply the theory. there are three questions to be attempted: the First, the a-nalysis of the premise are inadequate, neglect the subject in the question and the actors who take part inthe process of the imputation; the second,there is the lack of insight on the social risk in the modern so-ciety,and do not exceed the limits of the traditional causational theory;the third , risk of deep,the tar-get of the types of objective imputation is not clear, it is hard to grasp it , and there is loopholes in them.

山中的客观归属理论不足有三：一是前提性分析不充分，忽漏了对作为意识问题的主体及参加到归属过程中的参与者的分析；二是缺乏对现代社会风险的深刻洞见，没有超越传统因果关系论的局限；三是客观归属类型的预设目标不明确，过于复杂从而难以把握，而且存在漏洞。

If totalization no longer has any meaning, it is not because the infinity of a field cannot be covered by a finite glance or a finite discourse, but because the nature of the field-that is, language and a finite language-excludes totalization.

替补性定量的这种分配——如果我们可以这么表达的话——为了使空闲的能指和它被用来瞄准的所指之间保持作为象征思维之前提条件的那种互补关系是绝对必要的。

The judgement of taste itself does not postulate the agreement of everyone (for it is only competent for a logically universal judgement to do this, in that it is able to bring forward reasons); it only imputes this agreement to everyone, as an instance of the rule in respect of which it looks for confirmation, not from concepts, but from the concurrence of others.

由此我们可以看到，在鉴赏判断中，除了愉悦不经由概念为中介这种具有普遍性的话语外，没有设定任何其他前提；因此也只有对所有人都有效的审美判断的能力被设定，鉴赏判断自身没有设定所有人都赞同（因为这只有逻辑全称判断能够做到，它可以例举理由）；它只强求所有人赞同，作为规范情况下的一种，不期待通过概念，而是通过其他人的参与而获得认可。

From meditating the design status of our country'S large-scale square and neatening,analyzing and summarizing large amount of examples and investigated data,this paper introspects on urban squares in contemporary China mainly from three aspects.Firstly,it analyses the develop process and the present state;secondlv.it pays attention to the questions of urban squares as public space;thirdly,it gives a preliminary discussion on its premise and trends in the future.

本文即从反思我国当代城市广场的设计现状出发，通过对大量实例、调研资料的整理、剖析与理论总结，从三个方面对我国当代城市广场建设进行了深入思考：一是分析当代城市广场发展脉络及当下状况；二是在这样的脉络下探讨近年来中国这些新兴的广场作为公共空间所呈现出的问题；三是试图提出突破困境的可能，进一步探讨未来城市广场的发展前提与趋势。

This article deals with the aesthetic education in the teaching of Chinese in high school on the basis of aesthetics, education science and psychology and the characters of teaching language as a tool, its humanism and aesthesis .

本文以美学、教育学和心理学理论作为理论依据，以语文教育的工具性和人文性、审美性为前提，来探讨中学语文教学的审美教育。首先阐述&审美教育&的发展历程以及发展变化的特点，明确了审美教育的内涵。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。