佛教

Buddhism is an educator of religione but not a magician.it never promoted that he can take responsibility for others,but to persuade people to be brave to take responsibilty for themselves,Buddhism disagree that there is no God which can master all the world,everything is belongs to the world,everybody's life belongs to themseleves.also opposing to believe any ghosts and gods.and this is difficult for the religions which require their believer believing ghosts and gods to compare with.If we must take Buddhism as a religion,it must be religion which promoted antitheism,and the thinking meet with science very well.

佛教不承认有能够主宰世界和人类的神灵，一切都是众生的业感，反对鬼神崇拜，绝非一般要求信徒向虚幻神灵顶礼膜拜的宗教可比，可以说佛教是一种无神论的宗教，这一思想又恰恰与科学的思维方式又不谋而合。

In some western countries,they have some religions gave explaination to universe and life,such as:God created human beings and Jesue Allah can save human beings.Due to the western's disagreement on the thinking,so they have borned a science which called Antitheism under the fundation of taking consideration from the reality,analysising and solving problems from objective terms.such as Einstein said:no matter due to fear or needs of morality,though they may have limit between good ones and bad ones if it had conflicted with religion.they have a common feature which is personate of God,however what a coincidence is that Buddhism never agree it,and Buddha also never take himself as a demiurge.

后来西方人对这种思想不赞成，于是一切从实际出发、从客观事物去分析问题、解决问题，便产生了无神论的科学，如爱因斯坦认为与科学相冲突的宗教，无论是出于恐惧，还是道德的需要，尽管本身有高下之分，其&所共有的是它们的上帝概念的拟人化的特征&，而佛教恰恰是它不承认任何拟人化的造物主，佛陀更不以造物主自居，佛教认为，佛陀只能教导众生离苦得乐的方法，佛陀自己虽已离苦得乐，但却不能带替众生离苦得乐。

The period of Wei and Jin dynasties was the time when Buddhism began to spread rapidly in Chinese soil and marked the milestone for the emergence of Chinese novel. At that crosspoint, novel and Buddhism began to be connected with each other, and formed a marvelous landscape for the development of Chinese literature.

魏晋南北朝时期，是中国小说萌生的重要阶段，也是佛教在华夏大地上迅速流播扎根的岁月，在此交汇点上，小说和佛教的结缘，构成了我国文学发展的一道亮丽的风景线。

Hence, from the viewpoints of Buddhist historical and cultural development, it becomes very significant methods for Buddhist practitioners who really concern that, how to build the relic stupas properly and how to offer and worship towards Buddha-stuaps very sincerely and devotionally.

二是，说明释迦牟尼佛入涅槃后，慈悲地留下许多舍利子；因此在佛教历史与文化的发展中，如何建造舍利塔、与供养礼拜佛塔，也成为佛教修持的一个很重要的法门。

The last angle of this paper was discussing the function of Buddhist Monasteries in Dunhuang area during the mediaeval times , analyzing the relationship between Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries and various social stratums, different nationalities and so on, uncovering the function to the Government of Guiyijun and the social life of common people in Dunhuang and even Hexi area, manifesting the characteristic of its earthliness as the religious opening space of social populace, showed the infiltration Buddhism performed in the public business, and making new beneficial attempt to elucidate the social function of Buddhist.

本文研究的另一视角系探讨敦煌僧寺在中古敦煌地区的活动情况，与不同阶层、不同民族人群的关系，从而展示其在敦煌乃至河西地区世俗政权、下层民众社会生活中的作用，凸现其作为社会群众的宗教性场所的人间性与世俗性的特征，全面体现佛教对世俗社会事务的渗透，并对佛教的社会功能的诠释上做出新的有益的尝试。

This article discussed the second stage of India Buddhism arts. There are two Buddhism arts center of this stage Gandhara and Madurai.

本文论述了印度佛教艺术的第二个发展阶段，犍陀罗与马土腊为这一时期的两个佛教艺术中心。

Have you ever know, the Buddhist art of Maurya Dynasty was strongly influenced by the Greek art in 2Century BC, and formed an unique Gandhara Art, which is now the w

你可曾知道，孔雀王朝的佛教艺术受到了希腊文明的冲击，形成了独一无二的犍陀罗艺术，是世界佛教文化的瑰宝？

The sculpture style of Greece and Rome Buddhism in Buddhism arts of Gandhara is very obvious, but the Buddhism arts of Gandhara was characterized by a distinctive local style.

犍陀罗佛教艺术带有明显的希腊、罗马的雕塑风格，马土腊虽然也受到犍陀罗艺术风格的影响，但马土腊受乡土文化传统影响较大，因此马土腊的佛教艺术具有更鲜明的东方色彩。

Herakles was used in Greco-Buddhist art to represent Vajrapani, the protector of the Buddha, and his representation was then used in China and Japan to depict the protector gods of Buddhist temples.

海格勒斯在希腊佛教艺术是被用作描绘金刚手，佛的保护者。于是，他的画像在中国和日本是用来表示佛教庙宇里的护法神。

Tibet Buddhism was formed during the course of the introject of buddism and initial religion in Tibet ,it's branches was born for many reasons.

藏传佛教是在佛教与西藏原始宗教——苯教的相互融合的过程中形成的，它的宗派是在众多的因缘结合下出现的。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐