余弦积分

In this paper, the sine and cosine shaped sensors have been designed by using the integral characteristics of PVDF piezoelectric film. The sine PVDF sensor can be used alone to measure the displacement, speed, acceleration, stain, stress of the roof beam vibration; the cosine PVDF sensor can be used alone to measure the angular displacement and shear of the roof beam vibration; by using them jointly , the structural intensity can be measured for the roof beam without any finite differential error.

本文利用PVDF压电薄膜独特的积分特性，设计制作了正弦形状和余弦形状传感器，它们单独使用，正弦形状的PVDF传感器可以用来测量梁振动的位移、速度、加速度、应变、应力、弯矩；余弦形状的PVDF传感器可以测量振动梁的角位移和剪力；配对使用它们，可以用来测量梁的结构声强，用它们测量结构声强时不会产生有限差分误差。

Furthermore, we show that every generator of a nondegenerate distribution cosine function generates a regularized cosine function.

自然地 ，我们可以考虑一类退化型的分布余弦函数，并讨论该分布余弦函数与二阶 Cauchy问题、积分余弦函数及其其它类型余弦函数的关系。

The theoretical solution of eigenfrequencies and vibration models of rectangular thin plate on foundation with completely free boundary was derived by the double finite cosine integral transform method. In the analytical process, the elastic foundation was regarded as Winkler foundation model.

将弹性地基以Winkler模型模拟，利用双重有限余弦积分变换的方法推导出了弹性地基上四边自由矩形薄板的固有频率和振型的解析解表达式。

The quaternion calculation for spacecraft attitude determination is investigated in this paper,including the transformation between quaternion and the direction cosine matrix,the quaternion differential equation,the selection of time steps for integrating the quaternion equation,and the compensation methods for the noncommutativity error in high dynamic motion.

介绍了四元数计算中的相关问题，包括四元数与方向余弦阵之间的转换、四元数运动方程、求解四元数运动方程时积分步长的选取和高动态应用中非互易误差的补偿，此外还介绍了对偶四元数的发展。

The so called indirect integral operation means that Eular angles can be gotten from the direction cosine matrix which is received by the integral operation of quaternions or direction cosine.

飞行器导航中，姿态角的获取可以通过直接或间接的积分运算求得的，所谓间接获取即是指通过四元数或方向余弦的积分运算求得姿态矩阵，再从姿态矩阵中提取姿态角。

The solution to the dual integral equations with exponential function can be discussed,too.

最后给出了含余弦函数对偶积分方程的数值算例。

The exact solutions are then obtained for the equations characterizing flows of such fluids under an arbitrary pressure gradient by the method of integral transforms (Fourier Cosine transform and Laplace transform).

运用积分变换方法(Fourier余弦变换和Laplace变换)，求得了在任意压力梯度下流体运动方程的精确解。

By the performance indexdr, We proposed in thispaper a new algorithm for the feedforward optimal gauge control of a steel stripmill. By this algorithm the control is the integral of gauge deviation weighted by hyperbolic cosine.

本文根据有限时间区间的厚差信息，利用有限时间二次型指标，提出一种新的带钢轧机厚度前馈最优控制，这一控制为厚差按双曲线余弦加权积分算法。

By means of the C0 - semigroup theory of bounded linear operators in functional analysis we prove that thissystem has a unique nonnegative solution.

以往大多数文献都讨论维修系统的稳态解的情况，本文利用泛函分析中算子半群的方法研究了这类数学模型的非负动态解的存在唯一性。第三部分对积分半群和余弦算子族解析性的讨论。

If, for example, you major in‵mathematics, you're going to wander into class one day ｜and the professor will say:①"Define the cosine integer｜of the quadrant of the rhomboid ‵binary axis, and extrapolate your result to five significant vertices."

例如，你主修数学，一天，你闲逛着走进教室，老师说：①"请定义菱形二元坐标象限的余弦积分，并将结果推广到五个有效顶点的情形。"

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。