余弦

In this paper, the sine and cosine shaped sensors have been designed by using the integral characteristics of PVDF piezoelectric film. The sine PVDF sensor can be used alone to measure the displacement, speed, acceleration, stain, stress of the roof beam vibration; the cosine PVDF sensor can be used alone to measure the angular displacement and shear of the roof beam vibration; by using them jointly , the structural intensity can be measured for the roof beam without any finite differential error.

本文利用PVDF压电薄膜独特的积分特性，设计制作了正弦形状和余弦形状传感器，它们单独使用，正弦形状的PVDF传感器可以用来测量梁振动的位移、速度、加速度、应变、应力、弯矩；余弦形状的PVDF传感器可以测量振动梁的角位移和剪力；配对使用它们，可以用来测量梁的结构声强，用它们测量结构声强时不会产生有限差分误差。

Advanced Features: Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide Save and Recall Memory functions Full degrees, radians, or grads calculation Percentage calculation and conversion Square Root, Sine, Cosine, Tangent Arc Sine, Arc Cosine, Arc Tangent

高级功能：添加，减，乘，除以储存和回收记忆功能全度，弧度，或毕业生计算百分比计算和转换平方根，正弦，余弦，正切圆弧正弦，余弦弧，弧切线

Best Calc highlightsLarge display with lots of graphic indicatorsPrecedence mode - to reduce entering parenthesis (e.g. 2+2-2=6)Operations and conversions can be performed in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal formCalculate basic arithmetic functionsCalculate the root, square root or cube root of a numberRaise to power functionsLogarithmic and exponent functionsCalculate sine, cosine, tangent, arc sine, arc cosine or arc tangentCalculate in degrees, radians or grads, mil, revDisplays results in normal, scientific, or fix modeMemory operations Call last result functionOperations with big and small numbers are supported (up to ten in 308th power or ten in minus 308th power)and much more to explore!

最佳钙highlightsLarge模式显示indicatorsPrecedence与大量的图形-减少输入括号（如2 +2-2 = 6）业务和十进制的转换，可进行二进制，八进制，和十六进制formCalculate基本算术functionsCalculate根，平方根或多维数据集的numberRaise根电源functionsLogarithmic和指数functionsCalculate正弦，余弦，正切，圆弧正弦，余弦弧或弧tangentCalculate度数，弧度或梯度，密尔，revDisplays结果正常，科学化，或修复modeMemory行动电话与大，小号码的最后结果functionOperations支持（最多10个在零下308电源或功率10 308）以及更多探索！

It is shown that the M2 factor of partially coherent CsG beams is dependent on the spatial coherence parameter and the decentered parameter of partially coherent CsG beams,but independent of the astigmatic coefficient of the lens.

结果表明，部分相干余弦-高斯光束的M2因子与部分相干余弦-高斯光束的空间相干参量和离心参量有关，但与透镜的像散系数无关。

Through theoretical analysis and experiment simulation, transmission effect in trapezoid wire winding curve and the double cosine half-wave speed rule curve is researched. And the wire winding algorithm of single cosine half-wave is proposed.

通过理论分析和实验仿真的方法，深入研究梯形走线规律曲线和双余弦半波速度规律曲线的传动效果，提出单余弦半波走线算法。

The test results indicate that Lambert cosine radiation characteristic of the new method has a distinct improvement, and the incidence normalized curve approaches to the standard cosine curve in the 0° and 45°.

测试结果表明，新工艺的朗伯余弦辐射特性得到明显改善，在0°与45°入射时，归一化曲线接近标准余弦曲线；300 nm处半球反射率均匀度从0.77提高到0.98；200~400 nm处半球反射率平均提高33%；将其应用于紫外－真空紫外遥感仪器上进行了角度响应测试，漫反射特性明显优于美国2002年发射的同类仪器SBUV/2。

The test results indicate that Lambert cosine radiation characteristic of the new method has a distinct improvement, and the incidence normalized curve approaches to the standard cosine curve in the 0° and 45°. Moreover,with the new mehtod, hemisphere index of reflection uniformity increases from 0.77 to 0.98 at 300 nm and the hemisphere index of reflection averagely enhances by 33% at 200~400 nm.

测试结果表明，新工艺的朗伯余弦辐射特性得到明显改善，在0°与45°入射时，归一化曲线接近标准余弦曲线；300 nm处半球反射率均匀度从0.77提高到0.98；200~400 nm处半球反射率平均提高33%；将其应用于紫外-真空紫外遥感仪器上进行了角度响应测试，漫反射特性明显优于美国2002年发射的同类仪器SBUV/2。

To resolve the question about direction cosine when three-COMERO produced by COORD3 works, the formula of direction cosine of every probe is demonstrated in geometrical relationship from the explanation about gauging and qualification of probe, which provides academic proof for the probe worked correctly.

摘 要：针对COORD3公司三坐标测量机使用中有关方向余弦的疑点，从探针的标定和校正入手，对每个探针的方向余弦公式进行了几何关系上的论证，为探针的正确使用提供了理论依据。

The inverse function of that restricted cosine function is called the arccosine function.

被限定的余弦函数之反函数叫做反余弦函数。

In chapter 2, using the favorable characters of the function Q = ch{x - 1, we construct the hyperbolic cosine penalty function and algorithms and proved its convergence .

在第二章中，我们利用函数Q=ch-1良好的性质，提出一种用双曲余弦函数作罚项的双曲余弦罚函数及算法，证明了该罚函数和算法的合理性及迭代点列的收敛性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。