体育的

Chapter 1 generally describes domestic and foreign situation of the sports industry. Chapter 2 studies the background and significance of China's Sports Derivatives Industry, and its relations between 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the development of sports derivatives. Chapter 3, from the viewpoint of commercialization of sports development strategy, mainly analyzes the current situation and problems in the sports lottery industry and proposes the idea of " state lottery by state" and the establishment of a new operating system of sports lottery to raise the creditability and sportsmanship of sports lotteries, and the sports media industry should develop in the direction of the commercialization and the market and a competition mechanism and the mode of operation of business should be introduced into the media. Chapter 4 explains the status of the Sporting Goods Industry, analyzes the impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on the industry and explores the Sporting Goods Industry Development Strategy. Chapter 5 analyzes the current situation of China's sports brokage, studies the four major sports effect from the viewpoint of economics and proposes development strategies of China's sports brokage.

第1章对体育衍生产业的国内外情况加以综述；第2章研究我国体育衍生产业的背景与意义以及北京2008奥运会与体育衍生产业的发展关系；第3章从商品化的竞技体育发展战略切入，主要分析了体育博彩业与媒体业的现状与问题，提出体育彩票业应根据"国家的彩票国家办"的思想，建立新的彩票经营体制—国有彩票公司来经营体育彩票，加强体育彩票的体育性和提高其信誉度，体育媒体业应朝商业化与市场化方向发展，建议媒体应引入竞争机制和采用商业化的经营模式；第4章阐释了体育用品业现状问题，分析了北京2008奥运会对体育用品业的影响，探讨体育用品业的发展战略；第5章分析我国体育经纪业的现状与问题，从经济学的角度分析了体育经纪业的四大效应，提出体育经纪业的发展战略。

The adjustment in the community's role in sports management, build a government-led and community autonomy combination of community sports management style,that is,"Community-based management model, supplemented by business-management mode" is Jiujiang community sports management structure at this stage, of course objectives,and from the two major aspects of the analysis of the specific measures:First, standardize community sports management security system, sports policy, personnel and financial system protection mechanisms give the necessary support.Second, improve community sports organizations services network system, improving community sports instructors training management system,taking full advantage of the implementation of area sports in sports.Therefore, Jiujiang City community sports management mode of implementation to non-business management model based, supplemented by business-management model and will become an inevitable trend.

调整政府在社区体育管理中的角色，构筑政府主导与社区自治相结合的社区体育管理模式，即"以公益型管理模式为主，经营型管理模式为辅"是九江现阶段社区体育管理体制的当然目标，并从两个大的方面进行了具体措施的分析：①是规范社区体育管理保障制度，体育在政策、人才和财政制度保障机制上给予必要的支持；②是完善社区体育组织服务网络系统，完善社区体育指导员培养管理体制，充分利用辖区内体育实施开展体育活动，因此，九江市社区体育管理模式实行以非经营型管理模式为主，经营型管理模式为辅将成为一种必然和趋势。

The result expressed:(1)the approbation degree of the sports values factor which influenced the university student in order is: personal sport ability, interests in the sport, family environment, p.e teacher ,compeer community, campus culture, society and sports teaching (2)the analysis of diverse returning indicated: interests in the sport, compeer community, campus culture, society and sports teaching, those are the main factor that influences sports values and attain the remarkable level, but the factors of personal sport ability, family environment, p.e teacher didn't attain the notable level.

结果表明：(1)大学生体育价值观影响因素的认同程度依次为：个人运动能力、体育兴趣、家庭环境、体育教师、同辈群体、校园文化、社会和体育教学；(2)多元回归分析表明：体育兴趣、同辈群体、校园文化、社会和体育教学5个因素是影响体育价值观的主要因素且达到显著水平，而个人运动能力、家庭环境和体育教师因素没有达到显著水平。

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; Sports arbitration should aim at fairness and effectiveness; The popularity of sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; Sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the disciplinary punishment, and that caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitrators should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度；体育仲裁的价值目标应该是公正和效益；体育仲裁机构的民间性及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、流动、转会以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系所引起的纠纷。体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁员必须确保中立并且其素质群中还应具备体育知识的素质。

City, the main stadium and some public enterprises and opening the stadium half-price: Workers Stadium, the stadium glory, Shichahai integrated Hall, Mu Xiyuan Tennis Center, Ditan Gymnasium, the Dongdan Sports Center, Sports Center on the altar, Guang'an Stadium, Chaoyang Sports Center, Haidian District Sports Center, Haidian District Stadium, Shijingshan Stadium, Shijingshan Stadium, Shougang Sports Center, Fengtai Sports Center Stadium in Tongzhou District, Daxing District Stadium, Changping District Sports Center, Shunyi District Sports Center, Huairou District Stadium , The Beijing Fengtai District Workers Club, Fangzhuang Sports Park, Old Bridge, Beijing property Xiaoyue Yuan's Sports Center, Beijing Yi Fang Sports Park City Health, Beijing-day gym brother Tony, Beijing Palace hot spring water in the world, Kang Hae-Beijing Aquatic Center Court, Beijing Kaiyuan city of entertainment and sports, fitness Sail park in Beijing, the Beijing-day River Hot Springs Sports Center, the Beijing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

市、区主要公共体育场馆及部分企业办体育场馆半价开放的有：工人体育馆、光彩体育馆、什刹海综合馆、木樨园网球中心、地坛体育馆、东单体育馆、月坛体育中心、广安体育馆、朝阳体育馆、海淀区体育馆、海淀区体育场、石景山体育场、石景山体育馆、首钢体育中心、丰台区体育中心、通州区体育场、大兴区体育场、昌平区体育中心、顺义区体育中心、怀柔区体育场、北京丰台区工人俱乐部、方庄体育公园、北京市古桥物业公司晓月苑康体中心、北京颐方园体育健康城、北京天贝兄健身房、北京南宫温泉水世界、北京康海苑游泳馆、北京开元康体娱乐城、北京市赛欧健身乐园、北京天水河温泉康体中心、北京怡海花园房地产开发有限公司健身俱乐部、北京浩沙健与美健身俱乐部第五分部、北京马莲道溜冰场，共33家。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

The integrative ability, organizing ability, communicative ability of trainings was deficiency. Fourthly, the power of social physical educators in Guangxi universities was so weak that it couldn't satisfy the need of specialty development. For example, the number of special teacher and the practicing ability of teachers are deficiency. The teachers that master special theoretic well and have practicing experience are deficiency especially. Fifthly, social physical practice base have not been building in Guangxi universities. And the necessary equipments of gymnasium are deficiency at the same time. Sixthly, the whole sports technology levels of new social physical students are low and hard to fit for social needing. Seventhly, the professional ideology of students is not stable enough. For example, the special concept and cognition of students are dim. The attitude for learning is not right. The most of students want to or have trend to change their profession after graduating. Eighthly, the ability of students fostered by social physical education in various Guangxi universities has a gap with the ability that students should hold for adapting the need of Guangxi employer. The special technical levels of social physical students are weak. Ninthly, in investigation of social physical personnel being demanded by Guangxi area employers, we found that few social physical personnels were demanded by business unit, the state-operated factory and mining enterprise because of being influenced by economical environment. And the more social physical personnels were demanded by social physical directors, fitness centers and each kind of sports association and so on.

这主要表现为：不够科学的课程体系，在实践性教学环节中的重视程度不够，对学生的综合能力、组织管理能力、社会交际能力的培养较为欠缺；4、对社会体育专业的发展需求这一点而言，广西各高校该专业的师资力量还略显薄弱，难以满足社会的需求，主要体现在：缺乏足够的专业教师数量、教师实践能力欠强，尤其缺乏既有较高理论素养又有实践经验的教师；5、社会体育专业的实习基地在广西各高校中都尚未建立起来，同时一些必备的体育场馆的设施也较为缺乏；6、由于入学时广西社会体育专业的学生在运动技术、技能整体水平相对较低，因此在一些专业方向的需求上难以达到满足；7、在专业思想这一方面而言，广西各高校社会体育专业的学生显得不够稳定，主要表现为：淡薄的学生专业观念，模糊的专业认识，不够端正的学习态度，甚至有相当一部分学生准备毕业后改行或有改行倾向；8、广西各高校社会体育专业培养学生目前所具备的能力与当前广西用人单位所需求的社会体育专业人才应具备的能力尚有一定差距，主要体现在：目前社会体育专业学生的专业技术水平较低，组织能力和社会交际能力较为欠缺等。9、在广西地区用人单位对社会体育专业人才需求量的调查中发现：大多数的企事业单位和国营厂矿企业因受到经济大环境的影响，基本上都不设置专职的体育管理人员，对社会体育专门人才的需求量较少，需求量较大的还是社区体育指导员、体育健身中心、各种体育协会等。

The study argued that polyphyletic theory of subject deleted the specificity and independent of sporting right, socio-economic foundation theory ignored the self-development principle of sport, interest theory confused the diference between sporting right and sport interesting, sporting right and other rights, Statutory right narrowing the scope of sporting right.

研究认为体育权利主体多元说抹杀了体育权利的特殊性和独立性，体育权利社会经济基础说忽视了体育运动的独立发展原则，体育权利利益说混淆了体育权利与体育利益、体育权利与其他权利的区别，体育权利法定说窄化了体育权利的范围。

The polyphyletic theory of subject deleted the specificity and independent of sport right, socio-economic foundation theory ignored the self-development principle of sport, interest theory confused the difference between sport right and sport interest, sport right and other rights, statutory right theory narrowed the scope of sport right.

体育权利主体多元说抹杀了体育权利的特殊性和独立性，体育权利社会经济基础说忽视了体育运动的独立发展原则，体育权利利益说混淆了体育权利与体育利益、体育权利与其他权利的区别，体育权利法定说窄化了体育权利的范围。

This paper mainly adopted literature data, questionnaire and interview and logic analysis methods, and used the theory of urban development, sports management theory, theory of mass sports, community sports theory, and other theories. By grasping the basic characteristics of China's social modernization process and analyzing the status of community sports conduction and management and the presence of a series of problems in the new-type city - Jiujiang, we found the main factors affecting urban Community Sports Management in Jiujiang City and opportunities for the urban community sports management binged by the implementation of the "3 +1" strategy, and Consequently, explored the model adapting to community sports management and development in Jiujiang the new-type city under a "3 +1" strategy. That is the light of these constraints and opportunities analysis concluded: As China's economic reform and social reform of the management system of deep,single Administrative Management Mode-omnipotent authority are depleting,at the same time,Jiujiang City "3 +1" to the implementation of the strategy has brought city and the residents change.Sports needs of the residents of the community which continuously enhance the connotation of sports management on the basis of qualitative change rapidly rich,variable-totalitarian government administration for the government-led management.

本论文主要采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法及逻辑分析等方法，运用城市发展理论、体育管理理论、群众体育理论、社区体育理论等多种理论，把握我国社会现代化过程的基本特征，通过分析新型城市--九江市城市社区体育开展现况及社区体育管理现状和存在的系列问题，找到了影响九江市城市社区体育管理的主要因素（管理体制的不合理；缺乏有针对性的政策法规；管理系统（服务管理系统、场地设施管理系统、体育人才管理系统、体育经费管理系统等）不够健全和完善；管理者思想和管理观念落后及被管理者素质不高等5个方面）及在实行&3+1&战略后给城市社区体育管理带来的机遇（&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理奠定了坚实的经济基础和发展的动力；&3+1&战略的实施为九江城市社区体育管理提供了广阔的市场和空间；实行&3+1&战略为社区体育管理带来了居民体育意识的转变等3个方面）等问题的研究，从而探索出&3+1&战略下适合九江市新型城市社区体育管理发展的模式，即针对以上制约因素和机遇的分析得出结论：随着我国经济体制改革和社会管理体制改革的深人，单一的行政全能主义管理模式的权威性日趋枯竭，与此同时，九江市&3+1&战略实施以来，给城市及居民带来了巨变，居民对体育需求度的不断增强，致使社区体育管理的内涵在质变的基础上迅速丰富化，变政府行政全能主义为政府主导型管理。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。