体育

By exploring the national minority sports courses, we can make the nationality and local characteristics more outstanding so that the students will have a better understanding of national minority sports and at the same time facilitate the development of national minority sports, make up for the inadequate sports conditions in the higher institutions, attract more students to take part in such sports and enable the students to learn more about sports and health.

通过对少数民族传统体育课程的开发与实践，使高校体育教学更加突出民族性、地方性，使学生了解民族文化，加深学生对少数民族体育真义的理解，同时对促进民族传统体育的发展起到积极的作用；它有助于弥补高校体育条件的不足，有助于吸引学生积极参加体育活动，有助于学生获得更多的体育与健康的知识和技能。

Ancient Greek sport thoughts form the soul of modern sport, modern British sports form the skeleton of modern sport, and American sports forms the flesh and blood of modern sport, modern society, modern economy, culture and humanity call the wakening of modernization of sport.

古希腊体育思想是今天体育的灵魂，近代英国体育形式是今天体育的骨骼，现代美国体育的产业运作是今天体育的血肉，现代社会、经济、文化和人文精神的复苏呼唤体育现代化。

City, the main stadium and some public enterprises and opening the stadium half-price: Workers Stadium, the stadium glory, Shichahai integrated Hall, Mu Xiyuan Tennis Center, Ditan Gymnasium, the Dongdan Sports Center, Sports Center on the altar, Guang'an Stadium, Chaoyang Sports Center, Haidian District Sports Center, Haidian District Stadium, Shijingshan Stadium, Shijingshan Stadium, Shougang Sports Center, Fengtai Sports Center Stadium in Tongzhou District, Daxing District Stadium, Changping District Sports Center, Shunyi District Sports Center, Huairou District Stadium , The Beijing Fengtai District Workers Club, Fangzhuang Sports Park, Old Bridge, Beijing property Xiaoyue Yuan's Sports Center, Beijing Yi Fang Sports Park City Health, Beijing-day gym brother Tony, Beijing Palace hot spring water in the world, Kang Hae-Beijing Aquatic Center Court, Beijing Kaiyuan city of entertainment and sports, fitness Sail park in Beijing, the Beijing-day River Hot Springs Sports Center, the Beijing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

市、区主要公共体育场馆及部分企业办体育场馆半价开放的有：工人体育馆、光彩体育馆、什刹海综合馆、木樨园网球中心、地坛体育馆、东单体育馆、月坛体育中心、广安体育馆、朝阳体育馆、海淀区体育馆、海淀区体育场、石景山体育场、石景山体育馆、首钢体育中心、丰台区体育中心、通州区体育场、大兴区体育场、昌平区体育中心、顺义区体育中心、怀柔区体育场、北京丰台区工人俱乐部、方庄体育公园、北京市古桥物业公司晓月苑康体中心、北京颐方园体育健康城、北京天贝兄健身房、北京南宫温泉水世界、北京康海苑游泳馆、北京开元康体娱乐城、北京市赛欧健身乐园、北京天水河温泉康体中心、北京怡海花园房地产开发有限公司健身俱乐部、北京浩沙健与美健身俱乐部第五分部、北京马莲道溜冰场，共33家。

According to a great deal of China's prehistoric human archaeological materials, this section is based on the origination of primitive sports culture by using a series of archaeological theories and methods and analysing circumstantial ethnographic materials. From the various practical activities of prehistoric human beings, the research covers sports apparatus, sports activities of primitive sports pattern, educational organizations, medico-athletics, and recreational activities from the aspects of prehistoric labour tools, prehitoric gathering, prehistoric medicine and sacrificial mesic and dancing.

本部分主要在原始体育文化产生的基础上，根据大量的中国史前考古资料，利用考古学的一系列理论和方法，通过民族学和人类学资料的类比分析，从史前人类的各类实践活动出发，由史前劳动工具、史前聚落、史前医学及史前乐舞祭仪等四个方面，对原始体育形态中的体育器械、体育活动和体育教育机构设施、医疗保健体育以及体育娱乐活动等进行了研究。

College sports teacher should shape up many roles to satisfy the requirement of physical education in the modern times;Base on the important influence in China history about the sports thinking and practice activity on Ma-John,this article makes a history appraise for him.It points out that Ma-John is a great sports educator,a palmary sports thinker,an active sports society player,a practice that he earnestly practice what he advocate,a exploiter of college sports in the modern times of China.

高校教师应塑造多重角色，以满足当代体育教育的需求；基于马约翰体育思想及实践活动在中国历史上的重要影响，本文最后对马约翰给予了历史评价，指出马约翰一位伟大的体育教育家，是一位杰出的体育思想家，是一位活跃的体育社会活动家，是一位身体力行的体育实践家，是中国近、现代大学体育的开拓者。

By analyzing the concrete problems in Chinese sports dispute-solving mechanism, the paper introduces the working system of sports arbitration in international sports organization and in some foreign countries, and it compares sports arbitration with other dispute-solving mechanism――Civil Procedure, Administrative Procedure, Civil and Commercial arbitration, labor arbitration, on the basis of which the necessity and impendency, the pursuit and establishment of sports arbitration are adequately elaborated .

本文对体育仲裁与民事诉讼、行政诉讼、民商事仲裁、劳动仲裁等纠纷解决机制做了比较分析，探讨了国际体育组织以及一些国家体育组织的体育仲裁的运行机制，并充分论证了目前我国竞技体育纠纷机制的现状和问题，指出建立体育仲裁制度的必要性和迫切性，并为我国体育仲裁机制的构建提出了一些基本设想。

The author studied foreign sports insurance system modes and their inspi-ration to China, and revealed the following findings: different countries have different sports insurance system modes: 1 sports insurance system mode governed and participated by the government; 2 civil sports insurance system mode supported by the government; 3 commercial sports insurance system mode sponsored by the govern-ment; 4 sports insurance system mode selectively supported by the government; 5 sports insurance system mode monopolistically run by the government.

对国外体育保险制度模式及其对我国的启示进行了研究。研究表明，各个国家有不同的体育保险制度模式：(1)政府主导参与型体育保险制度模式；(2)政府支持下的民间体育保险制度模式；(3)政府资助的商业性体育保险制度模式；(4)政府重点选择性扶持型体育制度模式；(5)政府垄断经营体育保险制度模式。

But programs set, time of course, amount of curriculum, teaching condition, and teaching form are still insufficient.4The reasons why other universities and colleges do not set elective physical education course are mainly due to leaders" consciousness, quantity and quality of physical education teachers, the field and equipment.5The reform and development of elective physical education course in universities and colleges should incarnate the guideline "health first. people oriented". Teaching content should be pertinent, scientific, arranged, and systematic, so as to build up a teaching content system combined theory, skills and abilities. Set programs on base of students" choice, at the same time, give attention to the requirement of social development and students" interest, and make differential treatment according to gender. The classroom teaching should be sportful, joyful, and successful. The organizing of course could be mutual choice, compensating service, both in and out classroom. The score could be graded synthetically assess knowledge, innovation, and effect.6Strengthening the management to elective physical education course, improving teachers" comprehensive quality, making full use of fields and stadiums are all supporting conditions for the development of elective physical education course.

但是开设的项目、开课的时间、教学时数、教学条件、教学组织形式还难以满足学生学习和掌握知识和技能的需要。4、未开设公共体育选修课的高校其主要原因与领导的认识程度、体育教师的数量和质量、体育场地器材等有关。5、高校公共体育选修课的改革发展应体现&健康第一、以人为本&的指导思想：教学内容突出针对性、科学性、层次性、系统性，构建理论、运动技能、能力培养相结合的内容结构体系；运动项目设置以大学生对体育的选择性为基本前提，同时兼顾社会发展的需要和学生兴趣的需要，注重性别差异与因材施教；教学方法力求教懂、教会，体现课堂教学的娱乐性、快乐感和成功的喜悦：教学组织实施双项选择、有偿服务、课内课外相结合等多种形式；学习成绩实施知识+创新+效果的综合考核评价方法。6、加强公共体育选修课动态管理，提高教师综合素质，挖掘现有体育场馆设施的潜力，充分提高利用率是公共体育选修课改革发展的基本保障条件。

This research reveals the content , method and ways of reflective learning with qualitative research methods and semi-structual interview outline in such a background. It also anatomies the factors that have effects on middle school physical education teachers" reflective learning in order to develop and cultivate middle school P·E teachers" ability of reflective learning, and form a set of systematic model of middle school P·E teachers reflective learning, which can improve the quality of middle school physical education and make a beneficial and useful discovery for the growing process of middle school P·E teachers.

本研究就是在这一大背景下利用质性研究方法，应用自编的半结构式访谈提纲，通过对兰州市4名优秀中学体育教师的访谈，揭示体育教师反思性学习的内容、途径与方法，剖析影响中学体育教师反思性学习的因素，以发展培养中学体育教师反思性学习的能力，以形成一套较系统的中学体育教师反思性学习的模式，为提高中学体育教学质量，以及中学体育教师的成长的过程作有益的探索。

via their study the authors considered that it is lacking in logical reasoning for the authors of the paper titled on the return of competitive sports to their game playing nature - thoughts inspired by stimulant prohibition to further draw such a conclusion as the nature of competitive sports being game playing from their analysis of the hazards of using stimulants.the authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor consider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to maintain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

兴奋剂事件有隐情？摘要：研究认为《论竞技体育的游戏本原回归——由禁用兴奋剂引发的思考》由分析使用兴奋剂的危害入手，进而提出&竞技体育的本原是游戏&这一论断缺乏逻辑推理。研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。