体罚

Past studies related to domestic violence have indicated that adults who were subject to severe physical discipline as children are often violent toward their spouses and children as adults.

过去许多有关家内暴力的研究文献常常发现：在儿童青少年时期曾遭父母严厉体罚的成年人，较可能会经常以暴力的方式对待自己的配偶或子女。

And regardless of the law, social changes seem to be making parents in rich countries cautious about smacking.

除法律规定外，社会变迁似乎使富裕国家的父母更为谨慎地运用体罚。

Just over a year ago New Zealand became the first English-speaking country to ban smacking.

就在一年前，新西兰成为了第一个禁止体罚的英语国家。

Straus says that in 1968, 94% of Americans told surveyors they agreed with spanking.

斯特劳斯说，1968年的时候，有94%的美国人认可体罚。

One problem with Straus' data is that some of the parents who tended to spank may also have been engaging in actual physical abuse of their children.

斯特劳斯的数据也是有漏洞的：有些家长在体罚孩子的时候，对孩子身体的身体造成了确确实实的伤害。

"I believe the relationship is probably bidirectional," says Straus.

斯特劳斯的数据也是有漏洞的：有些家长在体罚孩子的时候，对孩子身体的身体造成了确确实实的伤害。

Based on his international data, collected by surveying more than 17,000 college students in various countries, Straus found that countries with higher GDP tended to be those where corporal punishment was used less often.

根据他调查收集的超过17000名来自不同国家大学生的国际数据，施特劳斯发现，较高的GDP的国家往往是那些较少使用体罚的。

In the U.S., Straus and his colleague Mallie Paschall of the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, looked at 1,510 children — 806 kids ages 2 to 4, and 704 ages 5 to 9 — and found that roughly three-quarters had endured some kind of corporal punishment in the previous two weeks, according to interviews with the mothers.

在美国，斯特劳斯和他的同事太平洋研究与评价协会的麦莉帕斯凯尔，观察了1，510名儿童——806个孩子年龄在2至4岁，704个年龄在5至9岁——根据和孩子母亲的交谈，发现大约四分之三在过去两个星期里遭受了一些形式的体罚。

Theoretically he distinguished a triple sense, the somatic, the psychic, and the pneumatic, following St. Paul's trichotomy; but in practice he mainly gives the spiritual, as opposed to the corporal or literal.

理论上他尊敬的三重意义上说，躯体，心理，以及气动，继圣保罗的三分法，但在实践中，他主要是给人的精神，为反对以体罚或直译。

A stubborn child who won't obey his/her parents may be punished corporally in some countries.

在一些国家，不听父母话的倔强儿童可能会被体罚。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。