体罚

Corporal punishment is one of the most controversial topics in American public schools, In 1977, the court in Ingraham affirmed the validity of corporal punishment in public schools, allowing each state to determine its own policies.

公立学校体罚在当今美国仍然是一个充满争议的话题。1977年英格瑞罕诉莱特案中，联邦最高法院基于对宪法修正案第八条和第十四条的解释，确认了体罚的合宪性，赋予各州自行决定体罚政策的权力。

Nie: one is prohibited of working hours and days midday drinking, 2 is strictly accept students' parents banquets and gifts, Three is forbidden, imaginary ills, without absenteeism TuoBing leave, a second job, Four is prohibit fraudulent, shuffle disputes over trifles, encouraged and push the unity. Five is prohibited or corporal punishment in disguised forms, the corporal punishment student, 6 it is forbidden to student fees, and its items; apportion 7 it is forbidden to play CARDS, play chess, and time is not work related activities, 8 is prohibited in all kinds of test in violation of stipulations on the management of unity and jobbery, Nine is prohibited in in-service teacher paid tutoring; on-the-job Ten is strictly excessive increase student schoolwork burden.

聂局长：一是严禁工作时间和工作日中午饮酒；二是严禁接受学生家长宴请和馈赠；三是严禁无故旷工、无病呻吟、托病请假、从事第二职业；四是严禁弄虚作假、推诿扯皮、揽功推过、闹不团结；五是严禁体罚、变相体罚学生；六是严禁向学生乱收费、摊派资料及其它物品；七是严禁上班时间打牌、下棋及与工作无关的活动；八是严禁在各类考试中违反统一管理规定，营私舞弊；九是严禁在职在岗教师从事有偿家教；十是严禁过度加重学生课业负担。

Straus stated, These results, together with the results of more than 100 other studies, suggest that spanking is one of the roots of relationship violence and mental health problems.

默里斯特劳斯教授说：这项研究结果结合其他100多项研究结果共同表明了体罚孩子是关系暴力和精神问题产生的根源之一，因为在关于体罚孩子的害处的调查中，93%的受调查者持赞同意见。

"A little spanking of boys seems to deter from spanking their own children later in life," said Vespa.

对男生小小的体罚会威慑他们，使他们日后不对自己的小孩进行体罚」，威斯帕说道。

According to the US Department of Education, more than 223,000 students were corporally punished in 2007. More than 200,000 public school students were punished by beatings during the 2006-2007 school year.

据美国教育部统计，2007年有逾22.3万名学生被体罚，在美国公立学校有20万学生在2006至2007学年挨过打，有13个州每年体罚1000多个学生。

Most American children have been corporally punished at home by the time they reach adolescence, and in a recent year, nearly 300,000 were physically punished at school.

绝大多数美国孩子在青春期之前都会受到来自家人的体罚，近年来，约有30万美国儿童在学校遭到体罚。

Article 15 Teaching and administrative staff in schools and kindergartens shall respect the personal dignity of the minors, and may not enforce corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, or any other act that humiliates the personal dignity of the minors.

第十五条学校、幼儿园的教职员应当尊重未成年人的人格尊严，不得对未成年学生和儿童实行体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。

Article 15 Teaching and administrative staff in schools and kindergarten s shall respect the personal dignity of the minors, and may not enforce corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, or any other act that humiliates the personal dignity of the minors.

第十五条学校、幼儿园的教职员应当尊重未成年人的人格尊严，不得对未成年学生和儿童实行体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。

Article 15 Teaching and administrative staff in schools and kindergartens shall respect the personal dignity of the minors, and may not enforce corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, or any other act that humiliates the personal dignity of the minors.

第十五条学校、幼儿园的教职员应当尊重未成年人的人格尊严，不得对未成年学生和儿童实施体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。

Article 21 The teaching and administrative staff in schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall respect the personality and dignity of minors, and may not commit corporal punishment either directly or in disguised forms against minors, or commit any other act that humiliates the personality and dignity of minors.

第二十一条学校、幼儿园、托儿所的教职员工应当尊重未成年人的人格尊严，不得对未成年人实施体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。