体细胞杂种

Diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid hybrid plants have been recovered from protoplast fusion, among which the tetraploid ones accounted for almost90%.

这些体细胞杂种有二倍体、倍体、倍体、倍体和六倍体，但主要是四倍体。

The reliability of this strategy in somatic hybrid identification was also discussed.

对这两种方法相结合用于体细胞杂种鉴定的可行性进行了讨论。

So it needs improving or alternating urgently. Some good germplasms for rootstocks for citrus have been picked out and introdcted into. Some somatic hybrids used as rootstocks have been selected through somatoplasm fusion. Some methods in early identification on stability of inherence and copatiblity and dwarf are explored, and they need improving. Rootstocks having some virtues have been selected, but they cannot take the leading place of trifoliate orange. The research method that the rootstocks are only compared with each other should be altered into that the rootstocks and given control measures or environmental conductions are connected to make the rootstocks compared with each other.

在砧木选择研究进展上，中国调查出和引进了一些优良的柑橘砧木种质资源，通过体细胞融合选育出一些可作为柑橘砧木的柑橘体细胞杂种资源；在柑橘砧木资源的遗传稳定性、嫁接亲和性和矮化性等早期鉴定上，探索出一些有待完善的鉴定方法；在砧木选择上，选出一些具有某些优点的砧木，但尚不能冲击枳砧的主导地位，并且选择研究方法有必要把现行单纯的砧木比较改为与砧木种类、栽培技术或环境条件相结合进行比较。

Alignment results showed orf138 in purple Chinese cabbage CMS was homologous to Ogu CMS in Raphanus sativus and cybrids of Brassica crops with Raphanus sativus.

测序和同源性比对结果表明，紫色大白菜CMS的orf138与萝卜Ogura不育系的orf138、芸薹属作物与萝卜Ogu CMS体细胞杂种的orf138同源性均达到99%，E值为2e-155。

The somatic hybrids usually showed specific bands and combined all the bands of both parents. In combinations, some new bands were detected, and occasionally specific bands of parents were lost, which indicated that chromosome recombination and exchange happened after fusion. Additionally, in some combinations, specific bands from leaf parent were detected, which revealed the plants were of putative hybrid origin, because leaf protoplast cannot redifferentiate by both single culture and co-culture.

体细胞杂种一般表现为具有双亲的特征带，且综合双亲的所有带，但在部分杂种中检测到了双亲都没有的新带，也发现有丢失亲本的特征带或共有带的现象，说明融合后染色体发生了重组和交换；有的引物只检测到叶肉亲本的特征带，根据柑橘叶肉细胞无论单独培养还是共培养均不能再生的事实，可推测其为体细胞杂种或二倍体叶肉亲本型胞质杂种。

Somatic hybrids grew weakly and took roots hard. By continuous subculture to facilitate to take roots using rhizogenic medium, the regenerants was transplanted on the cropland and backcrossed using cultivar wheat pollen.

体细胞杂种生长势差，生根困难，通过不断地使用生根培养基促进生根，然后移栽到大田中，利用不同播期的小麦花粉回交杂种，获得回交后代。

Therefore, we selected the 5 genes, as well as SMTN gene related to human cardiovascular diseases, for chromosomal mapping, CDS cloning and analysis, spatio-temporal distribution, mutation riddling, and association analysis with production traits of 3 porcine populations. We expect to know the structure and function of these 6 genes primarily, and supply data for porcine marker assistant selection of improving meat production.

因此，本研究选择NADH呼吸链相关基因，以及与人类心血管疾病相关的SMTN基因，以猪的骨骼肌为研究对象，用人×仓鼠体细胞杂种克隆板进行6个基因的染色体定位、CDS克隆和序列分析、用半定量RT-PCR进行时空表达谱分析、进行突变位点的筛选、并利用3个猪群的产肉性状资料进行基因型与性状的关联分析，以期初步了解这些基因的结构和功能，并为改进猪产肉性能的标记辅助选择提供资料。

On the basis of protoplast culture, we performed protoplast fusion between Astragalus melilotoides Pall, and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum Maxim using a modified PEG high-pH, high-Ca2 method. The protoplasts of A. melilotoides were pretreated with Rhodamine-6G and those of Z.

在成功培养原生质体的基础上，用改进的PEG-高pH高钙法诱导草木樨状黄芪和木本霸王原生质体融合，得到了科间体细胞杂种融合细胞。

Using Zhongshuang4 as a recurrent parent to pollinate the male sterile plants, the ratio of male sterile plants increased with the number of backcrosses.

利用原生质体融合技，获得了甘蓝型油菜品种中双4号与新疆野生油菜野油18的对称性体细胞杂种。

Sequences were aligned by BLAST method. Results showed that 309bp fragments shared high similarity with orfl38 in Ogu CMS radish and Brassica cybrids of Ogu CMS radish, which 172 nucleotide sequences and 58 amino acids were same among them. And 689bp fragments shared high similarity (100%) with Pol orf224 in B.napus, which 677 nucleotide sequences and 225 amino acids were same among them.

同源性分析结果表明，利用orf138引物所获得的309bP大白菜mtDNA特异片段均与萝卜Ogu CMS、甘蓝型油菜Ogu CMS萝卜体细胞杂种所具有的Ogu orf138高度同源，二者有172个核苷酸完全相同，有58个氨基酸完全相同；orf224引物所获得的689bP大白菜mtDNA特异片段与甘蓝型油菜的Pol orf224高度同源，二者有677个核苷酸完全相同，有225个氨基酸完全相同，同源性均达到100%。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失