体积弹性模量

The surface resistance and volume resistance of sample were measured by ZC-36 Megohmmeter and the corresponding resistivity could be calculated. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of specimen were characterized by tensile machine.

采用ZC36型高阻位电阻计测定样品的表面电阻和体积电阻，并计算出相应的电阻率，本论文还测定不同含量MWNTs的样品的拉伸强度及弹性模量等性能，分析了不同含量的MWNTs对复合材料导电性和力学性能的影响，并总结出其规律。

Elastic Modulus of Wollastonite filled PECH composites have been measured under different test temperature and tensile rate.

研究了填充PECH复合体系的弹性模量在不同测试温度和拉伸速率下随填料体积分数和粒子间距离的变化规律，同时考察了粒子堆积方式对弹性模量的影响，并运用逾渗理论解释了实验结果。

The comparison with its mother Chinese tulip tree and father American tulip tree have been made The results show:(1)The air-dried density is 0.544g/cm3, the radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage are respectively 5.06%、9.61% and 14.91%.(2)The longitudinal compress strength, MOR and MOE are respectively 42.1Mpa, 84.5MPa and 7.4GPa. Every value of physical and mechanical properties is between the Chinese tulip tree and the American tree.

结果表明：杂种鹅掌楸的气干密度为0.544g/cm3，径向、弦向和体积全干缩率分别为5.06%、9.61%和14.91%；主要强度指标顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及抗弯弹性模量分别为42.1Mpa、84.5MPa 和7.4GPa；各项物理力学性质均介于中国鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸之间。

The results were found as following:(1) The damage value increases more significantly with the increase in PVF before 30% PVF, beyond which the increasing trend becomes gradually gentle.(2)Keeping the interphase strength and PVF unchanged, the damage increase with increasing moisture concentration in a nearly linear relation.(3)The results generated from the FCC model with consideration of the interphase debonding are in good agreement with the experimental data, meanwhile, the FCC model is also capable of predicting the critical load for the damaged and the undamaged dental composite subject too the 3-point flexural test.4 A 3D-fmite element analysis has been successfully exploited to examine the mechanical behavior of the restoration-tooth structure under the polymerization shrinkage and water sorption. It was found:(1) The low stiffness of the composite has the effect to limit the displacement occurring in the remaining tooth tissue. For lower interphase, the cuspal flexures are litter higher. The high interphase modulus acts as a \'shielding effect\' for stress transfer.

得到如下结论：(1)相同的吸湿性，在30％PVF(颗粒体积分数：Particle volume fraction，PVF)前增加PVF，层间脱胶损伤值显著增加；此后损伤值的增加趋于平缓；(2)保持层间强度和PVF不变，层间脱胶损伤随吸湿率的增加而接近线性增加；(3)FCC(面心立方：Face-centred cubic，FCC)模型层间脱胶损伤的预测结果和实验数据基本吻合；同时此模型可以用于预测牙齿填充材料三点弯曲实验的临界载荷。4、建立理想牙齿修复结构，利用有限元方法研究了同时考虑聚合收缩和吸湿膨胀耦合作用下的填充修复材料和粘结界面层材料性能对牙齿修复结构的力学行为的影响，得到如下结论：(1)低弹性模量的牙齿填充修复材料能限制天然牙组织的位移，但天然牙组织的位移与粘结界面层的弹性模量无关。

Under triaxial compressive conditions, with an increase of loading, the propagation and sliding of microcracks in rocklike materials become increasingly intense and lead to a serial of consequences, such as nonlinear stress-strain relationships, deterioration of elastic modulus, anisotropic deformation, volumetric dilatancy and irreversible plastic strain, etc..

三维压缩条件下，随着载荷的逐渐增加，岩石类材料内部微裂纹的传播与错动不断加剧，最终导致非线性应力－应变关系、弹性模量的减小、变形的各向异性、体积膨胀以及不可逆塑性变形等结果。

Results show that the basic density, air-dry density, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength parallel to grain of T.'zhongshansha 302' are higher than those of T. distichum, and the oven-dry shrinkage and the air-dry shrinkage in tangential and volume are lower than those of Taxodium distichum, and the differences are all prominent at the 0.05 level.

结果表明：中山杉302木材的基本密度、气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度的平均值均比落羽杉高，而弦向全干干缩率、体积全干千缩率、弦向气干干缩率、体积气干干缩率均比落羽杉低；其差异都在0.05水平显著。

The experimental results are summarized as follows: the tensile strengh and bending strengh of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete can be improved significantly by the addition of steel fiber; to some extent ,the addition of steel fiber can also increase the compressive strength ,although little , it radically improves the compressive toughness , and the steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete will not fall apart with cracks; with the increase of the volume fraction of steel fiber, the elastic modulus is also rising somewhat; Poisson's ratio is influenced little with the addition of the steel fiber and the effect regularity displays unconspicuously.

本文试验研究结果可归纳如下：钢纤维的加入能明显提高钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的抗拉强度和抗折强度；掺入钢纤维使钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度有一定程度的提高，增长幅度不大，但抗压韧性却有很大改善，使钢纤维轻骨料混凝土裂而不散；钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的弹性模量随钢纤维体积率的增大有一定提高；泊松比受钢纤维的加入影响不大，规律性不明显。

For the effective elastic moduli of composite materials with inclusions, the present theories are not satisfacto...

对于含夹杂复合材料的有效弹性模量，当夹杂的体积份数趋于0.4时，目前的理论不能给出令人满意的结果。

The results show that:(1) The penetration resistance of functionally graded layered armour made of metal Matrix Composites is better than that of the Aluminum plate;(2) The penetration resistance of the functionally graded layered armour whichlay_up is 0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0% is the best;(3) The resistance penetration of the the functionally graded layered armour can be greately promoted through optimizing the lay_up and volume fraction of the reinforced particle;(4) The functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuous has better behavior of resistance penetration when the volume fraction of the reinforcements are constant;(5) The higher volume fraction of the reinforcements at the surface of FGM and the more non-homogeneous the reinforcements distribution, the higher thesurface Youngs Modulus and the flow stress are;(6) The behavior of penetration resistance of the functionally graded armour in which the particles distribute continuously is better than that of homogeneous steel plate;(7) The functionally graded armour provedes a important approach for the optimization and design of the resistance penetration;(8) The numerical results of simulation of the bird striking the aircraft structureshow that the finite element model of the balance leg is effective;(9) The numerical results show that the structure internal force is relative largewhen the bird strikes the top of the balance leg;(10) The process of the birdstrike is thaf.after the bird penetrting through the front skin of the balance leg and striking the front beam,the bird is broken up in three parts.

经过本文所进行的数值模拟后我们发现：(1)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中层状功能梯度板比铝板的抗侵彻性能好；(2)在层状梯度装甲板的抗侵彻过程中铺层顺序为0%/57%/0%/26%/0%/12%/0%的功能梯度装甲板的抗侵彻性能最好；(3)通过优化组合层状梯度板的铺层顺序以及增强颗粒的含量可以大大改善梯度板的抗侵彻性能；(4)当SiC颗粒体积含量一定时，增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表现出了优越的抗侵彻性能；(5)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度板表面SiC颗粒体积含量越高，分布越不均匀，表面的弹性模量就越高，屈服应力就越高；畜此工业大学硕士研究生学位论丈(6)增强颗粒连续分布的功能梯度装甲板比匀质钢板表现出良好的抗侵彻性能；(7)功能梯度装甲板为整个抗侵彻性的优化设计提供了重要的途径。

The advantage of the proposed method is that the elastic moduli of hardened cement paste are related to the volume fractions and elastic moduli of the constituents in a quantitative manner, which lays a theoretical foundation for optimization design of cement paste.

分级模拟方法的优点在于以定量的方式将硬化水泥石弹性模量与各组分的体积分数和弹性模量联系起来，为硬化水泥石优化设计提供了理论依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。