体积应变

According to Orowan's investigation results, the amount of plastic work Γ is three orders larger than that of surface energy. However, the yielding of metal material is only associated with the deviator strain energy.

由于引起金属材料屈服的原因仅为偏斜应变能，而与体积应变能无关，本文提出了一个与路径无关的守恒积分，即偏斜应变能积分，并对其守恒性进行了严格的证明。

Based on the test results of sand, mechanics of internal parameters (plastic volumetric strain and plastic deviator strain) depending on stress path is explained. General equation expressing hardening parameter independent of stress path is proposed.

在分析砂土试验结果的基础上，揭示了基本硬化内参量(塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变)变化的应力路径相关性，提出了应力路径无关硬化参量的一般表达式。

These tests show that: 1. suction decreases with the increase of the water saturation in the chalk; 2. stress variants proposed are available for describing the stress state of the unsaturated chalk; 3. preconsolidation pressure increases with suction, while the effects of suction on the compressibility coefficients λ and κ are not evident; 4. as usual unsaturated soils, the permeability to oil of chalk increases with the suction; 5. yield strength of the chalk behaves with volumetric strain hardening; 6. cohesive behaviour of the chalk is related to the stress level, and relation between time-dependent deformation and logt is linear; 7. cohesion of the chalk decreases with the increase of the suction, while the elastic stiffness and the cohesion coefficient increase; 8. strength and elastic modulus increase with the strain rate, while the strain at the peak strength decreases with the increase of the strain rate.

试验结果表明，白垩中的虹吸力随水饱和度的降低而提高；吸力、水饱和度和强度的变化过程均与时间有关；可用由理论分析得到的应力状态变量描述非饱和白垩的平衡状态；前期固结压力随吸力增加而提高，而压缩指数λ与κ则同吸力无关；应力大于前期固结压力时，粘性变形与时间的对数关系曲线呈线性关系，其大小和增长速率均随吸力减小而增大，可视为白垩弹性刚度降低和粘性系数增大的结果；前期固结压力和变形模量随着应变速率的提高而提高，压缩指数κ和λ则随应变速率的提高而减小；应变速率较低时，粘性和吸力对前期固结压力及压缩指数的影响较小；白垩中油的渗透性随着吸力增加而提高；白垩在屈服阶段具有明显的体积应变硬化特性。

Higher DA results in higher values of shear strain and volumetric strain in shear band.

扩容角越大，剪切带最终可以获得越来越高的剪切应变和体积应变。

And (2) the pore pressure is mainly controlled by volumetric strain. Stress can directly make the pore volume change, and indirectly control the variation of pore pressure changed by the pore volume.

2岩石孔隙内流体压力的变化主要受体积应变控制，应力的直接作用是使岩石孔隙体积发生非线性变化，对流体压力变化的影响是通过岩石孔隙体积变化实现的，是间接的。

Taking a Mohr-Coulomb type of soil as example, the relationship between plastic shear strain and plastic volumetric strain is deduced, and the reason behind volumetric locking is revealed.

以摩尔－库仑模型为例，推导了塑性剪切应变和塑性体积应变的关系，揭示闭锁产生的原因。

According to triaxial consolidation curve of saturated clay, the relation between the volumetric strain and the average effective stress and the relation between the volumetric strain and the vertical strain at a particular instant of time were derived.

2.2。根据软粘土的三轴排水固结试验曲线，建立了土中一点在任意时刻的体积应变与平均有效应力之间的关系式以及竖向应变与体积应变之间的关系式

Besides, by applying the technique of DPDM, we get the result consisting of the field distribution of displacement, maximum shear strain and volumetric strain. So, this method can be used for analyzing the deformation quantitatively for cohesive soil in the compression experiment.

利用数字照相变形量测DPDM技术进行图像分析，结果包含了位移场、最大剪应变场和体积应变场的分布图，表明这一方法使压缩试验中黏土变形场的量化分析成为可能。

Based on the compressibility experiment of rubbed korshinsk peashrub at different temperatures ranging from 22℃ to 140℃, the mathematical models were established which could explain the relationships between the pressure and volumetric strain, the pressure and compressed density as well as the bulk modulus and compressed density, and the effect of temperature on the compressibility of rubbed korshinsk peashrub was obtained.

该文通过对揉碎柠条在22～140℃范围内4个不同温度下的压缩试验，建立了柠条在压缩过程中压力与体积应变、压力与压缩密度以及体积模量与压缩密度的数学模型，获得了温度对揉碎柠条可压缩性的影响规律。

In the plane model, the main ore-controlling factors and dynamic mechanism are studied, discussing the variation process of regional structural stress field,(including the shear strain and volumetric strain that is closely related with mineralization), and the variation of pore pressure in adjacent regions of Zou-Shi fault.

平面模型主要研究了挤压应力作用下矿区的主要控矿因素及成矿的力学机理，探讨区域构造应力场(主要讨论与成矿作用密切相关的剪切应变、体积应变等)的变化过程，以及断裂带附近的孔隙压力变化。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。