体密度

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

The anatomical study deepens the knowledge of G-type conducting cells: 1 It proves the theory of two depositional process for secondary wall (Bierhorst, 1960): the discontinuous cellulose layer is laid down before the continuous lignified layer; the former layer is prone to be broken down, while the latter is highly decay-resistant; 2 It suggests that the cellulose primary and secondary walls of tracheids are not perforated. Instead of longitudinal pits (Li, 1992), the lignified tracheid secondary wall of Hsüa possesses irregular simple perforations; 3 In Hsüa reflexa and Huia gracilis, the perforation casts may represent the thickness of lignified secondary wall; 4 The wall structure of G-type tracheid is diversified. At the genus level, the secondary wall structure differs in the distribution, internal shape and structure of the perforations; 5 Perforations of some G-type tracheids combine the characters of S-type tracheids in their distribution, density and diameter.

解剖学的研究加深了对G-型输水管胞的认识 1）验证了管胞次生壁分两个阶段形成的理论（Bierhorst，1960），即先后形成不连续的纤维质层和连续的木质化层，前者易被分解，后者抗侵蚀性强；2）证明管胞纤维质的初生壁和次生壁不具穿孔，Hsüa管胞的木质化次生壁具有不规则的简单穿孔，而不是纵列的纹孔（Li，1992）；3）Hsüa reflexa和Huia gracilis的穿孔铸体可代表木质化次生壁的厚度；4）G-型管胞壁层结构具多样性，植物属一级的分异主要表现在次生壁穿孔的分布、孔腔形状和结构的不同；5）某些G-型管胞的穿孔在其分布、密度和孔径方面可兼有S-型管胞的特征。

It has been found that during the spark plasma sintering process, under the condition of large current, short sintering time and lower sintering temperature, the metastable icosahedron quasicrystal phase in primary powder particles is kept. And the strong discharge plasma among particles can decompose or break the oxide film on the primary powder's surface, resulting in the increment of their combination strength. So the as-prepared bulk alloy possesses high density and ultra-high strength.

结果表明，在放电等离子烧结过程中，采用大电流、短时、低温的烧结条件可使快冷雾化法制备的原始合金粉末中的准晶强化相及其它细小强化相得以保存，而局域强放电等离子体可以分解或破碎铝合金粉末表面的氧化膜，使合金粉末颗粒间的结合强度增加，制备出的块体铝合金具有高的致密度和超高强度。

The density is in 150~2200 kg/m3 and the thermal conductivity is 0.0599W/m·K, density of 150 ~ 2200 kg/m3, thermal conductivity for 0.0599W / m · K. It has a great many merit such as anti-aging, thermal insulation, incombustible, environmental protection, benefit waste, acoustic, noise, low-cost (production cost of 40 ~ 70 yuan / m3), which is a waste of new energy-saving insulation materials benefit.

发泡体在凝固成型中体积不塌陷自然产生2%～5%的膨胀率，密度在150～2200 kg/m3，导热系数为0.0599W/m·K，耐老化，保温、不燃、环保、利废、吸音、隔音、廉价（生产成本40～70元/m3），是节能利废新型隔热材料。

Based on the quantum chemistry ab initio calculation method, density functional theory method's ultrasoft pseudopotential method and semi-empirical interatomic pair potential combined, the cohesive energy of martensite crystal cell of the high-carbon alloy steel DM8A and DM8 was calculated.

利用量子化学从头计算方法、密度泛函理论的超软赝势方法与半经验原子间相互作用对势相结合，计算出高碳合金钢DM8A钢和DM8钢马氏体晶胞的结合能信息。

Appraised the "Blood-Stasis" clinical appearance integrative scores, Nail fold Microcirculation scores, and determined hemorheological indexes before and after treated 3 months, 6months, then contrast intragroup and intergroup, and contrast to 30 healthy mid-age women who underwent checkup at the same time; determined anterior-posterior position lumbar1~4 vertebra body bone mineral density before and after treated 6 months, then contrast intragroup and intergroup.

两组治疗前及治疗3个月、6个月后分别评定"血瘀"临床表现综合评分、甲襞微循环评分并测定血液流变学指标，组间及组内治疗前后对比，并分别与同期体检30例健康中年妇女对比；治疗前及治疗6个月后测定腰1－4椎体前后位骨矿物密度，组间及组内治疗前后对比。

First, we designed to determine the optimum ultrasound-setting, such as power level and ultrasound frequency, to achieve the optimum number of ruptures in the spinotrapezius muscles by intravital microscopy.

我们设计了应用活体荧光显微镜，测量不同条件超声介导微泡破坏作用后鼠脊斜方肌血管破裂口的数量和荧光脂质体微泡的弥散面积，确定最佳超声发射参数；然后，在慢性鼠脊斜方肌模型上，测量荧光标记蛋白的荧光强度和血管密度，对比两种血管内VEGF基因载体系统经超声介导微泡破坏作用后定向转基因表达的效果。

This dissertation was designed to study heteto-phase grafting polymerization of vinyl acetate , maleic anhydride and VAC/MAH binary monomer system, irrespectively, with low density polyethylene film as substrate and benzophenone as photoinitiator. The purpose is to develop new and more effective methods to modify the surface and buck properties of polyolefines by studying the grafting mechanism of the system and exploring the characteristics of the grafting process.

本文主要以低密度聚乙烯膜为基体膜，以二苯甲酮为光引发剂，分别对醋酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐以及VAC/MAH的非均相接枝聚合反应进行了系统研究，以探讨相关的接枝反应机理、接枝反应过程以及接枝工艺的可行性，目的在于建立聚烯烃材料本体和表面改性新方法。

The ultramicroscopic structure proved that the size of kinetoplast, nucleus, nucleolus and electron dense of nuclear membrane of the parasite were large obviousely than that of the control.

超微结构显示，HGPRT缺陷株的动基体、核和核仁比对照组明显增大，核膜电子密度区也明显增宽。

If the local rat density is more than 10%,there will may be a epidemic of leptospirosis.

鼠密度达10%以上即可能造成钩体病流行。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐