体外营养的

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

In flow perfusion bioreactor, there was greater cellularity throughout the scaffolds and abundant deposition of extracellular matrix.

在体外构建工程骨组织时，体外培养环境不仅要为细胞提供充足的氧气和营养，而且还要能

Recent eidence obtained in itro suggests that the type 2 Ang II receptor (AT2R) mediates the trophic action of Ang II on adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis.

最近获得的体外试验研究表明2型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体介导血管紧张素Ⅱ引起的脂肪细胞分化的营养作用及脂肪生成。

It was also observed that spermine could inbibit thegrowth of in vitro intestinal epithelial cells,which implied that thetrophie action of in vivo spermine might be indirect.

同时，我们还发现精胺能抑制体外肠上皮细胞的生长，提示体内精胺的肠营养作用可能是一种间接的效应。

Nerve stem cell can be differentiation into astroblast, oligodendrocyte and nerve cell induced by factors.

神经干细胞的增殖分化可受各种因素的影响，目前已知，许多细胞因子，生长因子，营养因子以及细胞外环境等因素的作用，可诱导神经干细胞向不同的终末细胞分化，若能在体外分离培养神经干细胞并在促分化因子的作用下，诱导神经干细胞向某一特定方向分化，将为干细胞的分化机制提供有力的实验依据。

The technology of culture of exogenetic NGF in vitro is qualified now, however, the exogenetic NGF cant get through blood-brain barrier and blood-nerve barrier because it is a kind of marcomolecular protein, thus its extensive application on clinic is limited, now, many scholors have turned their study direction to enhancing the content of endogenous NGF.

外源性NGF的体外合成技术已基本成熟，然而，外源性神经营养因子作为一种高分子蛋白物质不能通过消化道给药、不能通过血脑屏障和血神经屏障的问题阻碍了它在临床上的广泛应用，所以NGF在临床上并没有真正发挥出其营养神经的作用。

Combined with In Vitro, In Sacco, and In Vivo techniques, this paper studies the effects of processed corns on ruminal fermentation, intestinal digestion, the synchronous metabolism of energy and nitrogen, and production performance of lactating cows, in order to provide the theoretical base for ruminal fermentation manipulation, ration formulation and the effective utilization of nutrients by ruminants.

以体外、半体内和体内方法相结合的技术手段研究了不同加工处理的玉米对奶牛瘤胃发酵、小肠消化、以及能氮同步代谢和生产性能的影响，旨在为瘤胃发酵调控和反刍动物营养物质的有效利用以及日粮的合理配制提供科学的理论依据。

The Km value of stomach protease and gut protease Ⅰ are determined to be 2. 55g/L and 2. 92g/L respectively.(6) The vitro dry matter digestive ability of each digestive organ is in the sequence of foregut＞stomach＞pylorus cecum＞midgut＞hindgut.

6大菱鲆不同消化器官粗酶液对饲料原料干物质和蛋白质的体外消化能力均表明胃、前肠、幽门盲囊为营养物质主要消化部位。

Methods The rat MSCs were isolated primarily from the femurs and tibias of the Wistar rats. MSCs were cultured, proliferated and purified by passage culture. After being induced by bFGF, cultuered MSCs were divided into experimental groups (GM1 group, GDNF group and GDNF+ GM1 group) and control group.

取雄性Wistar大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓，进行MSCs的体外培养、传代扩增及纯化。bFGF预诱导24 h后，依据加入的神经营养因子不同分为单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂（GM1）组、胶质源性神经营养因子组和GDNF+GM1组，以及对照组。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。