体

The intensity sequence of the relative teratogenesis is ligandα、ligandβ and ligandγ.

其中视黄类受体RAR起主要作用，RAR的配体为强致畸物，相对致畸活性由强至弱依次为配体α、配体β和配体γ。

Since F3, the tetraploidy was maintained from one generation to another and to date FH allotetraploid hybrids were producedF:!

四倍体鱼不但兼有父母本的扩增带，而且也有变异，为四倍体鱼是异源四倍体而不是同源四倍体提供了分子生物学证据。

It indicated that the yield of tetraploidy not more than 25% induced by inhibiting the first mitosis with CB, colchicine and 6-DMAP, respectively, while it can be induced with higher percentage by blocking PB1releasing with CB. The tetraploidy percentage of groups shock began at 15—22min after fertilization are higher than that shock began at 42min, and the yield of tetraploidy also increased with the CB density and time lasting.

结果表明，CB、6-DMAP和秋水仙素抑制扇贝第一次卵裂诱发四倍体的比例低于25%；采用CB抑制PB1可有效地诱导产生四倍体，从授精后42min提前到15—22min开始处理，抑制PB1的放出有助于提高四倍体的比例，在12℃，处理开始和终止时间分别在授精后20—22min和62—67min时(即PB2始出现时)，面盘幼虫四倍体率最高，为56.5%。

The present research work focuses on two aspects. On one hand, the most successful alkaloid-derived ligands have been attached to a soluble or insoluble support covalently, but additional OsO〓 is necessary to maintain the consistent catalytic activity during the reuse of supported chiral ligand in the next AD reaction. On the other hand, immobilization of osmium tetroxide based on microencapsulation, ion-exchange techniques, and osmylation of resins has made it possible to recover and reuse of the osmium, but failed to recover the chiral ligand at the same time.

目前的研究主要集中在两个方面：一方面，将手性配体共价键合到不溶或可溶性载体上制成负载手性配体，但在重复使用负载配体时必须补充OsO〓，才能保证催化活性不降低；另一方面，将OsO〓包裹在高聚物微囊内，或运用离子交换技术或共价键合的方法将OsO〓固载在树脂、硅胶或层状双金属氢氧化物材料上，但手性配体却不能同时回收。

Secondly, the thiolation of protein and the coupling of thiol protein with liposomes were studied, and large unilamellar vesicles with highly immunoactivity and stability were acquired.

首先系统研究了混合饱和类脂体系的脂质体的制备和脂质体的性质，然后研究了蛋白质的巯基化和巯基化的蛋白质与脂质体的偶联，从而获得了具有高的免疫活性的、稳定的大单层脂质体。

For inheriting the dynamic constraint information of the multibody simulation model, topological configuration of the multibody simulation model was built, and simplified constraint form was put forward with the topological mapping of the multibody simulation model in the heterogeneous systems. To transform the information of the multibody simulation model, the offset matrix which transformed the location and orientation of constraints and the matrix which transformed the location and orientation of parts were computed.

利用多体动力学仿真模型在异构系统的拓扑映射，建立多体动力学仿真拓扑构型，提出仿真模型动力学约束的约束简型表示法，实现动力学约束信息的关联继承，并通过约束偏置变换矩阵和构件位姿变换矩阵的求取，驱动多体动力学仿真模型构件和约束位姿的自动调整，实现多体动力学仿真模型的动态转化。

Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the differential expression profiles of eleven selected genes were confirmed in the ovaries of triploid and diploid. These genes fell in gene categories with a wide range of functions. The results indicated that triploidy affects the dynamic gene regulatory network in triploid ovary. This study established a firm basis for future investigation on characterization of crucial molecular events for normal ovarian development in shrimp.To further dissect exact gene functions for gonad development of shrimp, three differentially expressed genes between diploid and triploid ovary, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), CAS/CSE1 (cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein/chromosome segregation 1) and SSRF (spermatogonial stem-cell renewal factor) were characterized on certain aspects.

利用抑制性消减杂交技术，建立了对虾二倍体和三倍体卵巢间的2个消减文库；在正向消减文库(以三倍体卵巢作为实验组，二倍体卵巢作为驱动组)中，鉴定到54个基因；在反向消减文库(以二倍体卵巢为实验组，三倍体卵巢为驱动组)中，鉴定到16个基因；选取11个差异表达的基因，利用半定量RT-PCR的方法对其在二倍体和三倍体卵巢间的表达进行了检测，均能很好地与消减结果相吻合；这些差异基因编码多种功能的蛋白，分析表明染色体的三倍化使三倍体卵巢中的基因调控网络受到了影响；为深入揭示维持卵巢正常发育的关键分子调控事件奠定了基础。

In this study, we established the reference two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) map of the trophozoite stage.

在这个研究中我们利用了比较转录体学与蛋白质体学的系统分析方法针对阴道鞭毛虫滋养体与阿米巴体的分子调控做探讨。

The main results were showed as follows:Through screen and identification of morphology in M_2 and M_3, respectively, the mutants with mutative traits of plant were found. In which, 11 mutations were leaf variations, including light-green leaf, deep-green leaf, durative yellowish leaf, temporary yellowish leaf, inlaid yellowish leaf, wrinkly leaf, smooth-edged curly leaf, splitting-shaped curly leaf, peduncular-shaped leaf, round leaf and larger leaf, 12 were mutations on plant type, including excessive branches, lacking branches, highness, dwarf-like, erect posture, reclinate posture, strong stalk, slender stalk, tufty branches, wrinkled plant, purple stalk and hair-covered plant, 14 were flower variations, including dense flowers, light-yellow petals, white petals, white-mosaic petals, wrinkled petales, back-rolled petals, narrow petals, larger petals, smaller petals, apetalous flowers, variable-numbered petals, fertile pistil protraction, sterile pistil protraction and multi-anther, and 5 were physiologic mutants, including genic male sterile, cytoplasmic male sterile, bud-dead, and early and later bloom.

主要结果如下：通过田间M_2筛选和M_3重复鉴定，在田间农艺性状方面共获得浅绿叶色、深绿叶色、转绿黄化叶、持续黄化叶、边缘黄化叶、皱缩叶、光叶型卷叶、裂叶型卷叶、薹叶形叶、宽圆叶和大叶等11种不同的叶部性状突变体；同时还筛选到多分枝、少分枝、高杆、矮杆、株型紧凑、株型松散、粗茎、细茎、丛生分枝、整株皱缩、紫茎、整株被毛等12种植株性状突变体，密花、浅色花瓣、白色花瓣、白斑花瓣、皱瓣、卷瓣、窄瓣、大瓣、小瓣、无瓣、花瓣数目不定、可育型柱头外露、不育型柱头外露和多雄蕊等14种花器性状突变体，以及细胞核雄性不育、细胞质雄性不育、死蕾、早花和迟花等5种生理性状突变体。

In the laboratory,unmated females were placed with randomly chosen males to determine whether,given the opportunity,females would be found mating with the largest available males. I exposed amplexing pairs to other males to determine if larger or smaller males would displace amplexing males.

在实验室内，令未交配雌体选择随机选出的雄体，观测雌体是否与最大的雄体交配；将抱对的蛙暴露于其它雄蛙，观测其它较大或较小的雄蛙是否取代已抱对的雄蛙。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷