体

Through above numerical analysis of the TiN coating/substrate system, some typical rules about the fatigue failure are found:(1) the fatigue damage of a coating/substrate system appears first on the interface, then expands along the interface and to the substrate, and finally causes the coatings broken and spalled;(2) under the cyclic loadings of tangential sliding and radial extrusion, the equivalent plastic damage on the interface is mainly generated by the shear stress and the accumulated plastic contributed by the increments of shear stress. Thus the change of the shear stress is the main factor for the contact fatigue damages of coating/substrate system;(3) the frictional coefficient, external loading and coating thickness have some influence on the carrying capacity and contact fatigue life for a coating/substrate system.

通过对TiN涂层／基体系统的数值模拟分析，得到了涂层／基体系统疲劳失效的一些典型规律：(1)、涂层基体的初始损伤首先出现在交界面处，然后沿界面并向基体中扩展，最后导致涂层断裂而发生剥落失效；(2)、在切向滑动和径向挤压循环载荷作用下，交界面处的塑性损伤主要是由剪应力τ产生，塑性累积也是由于△τ的变化引起，说明循环过程中剪应力变化是影响涂层接触疲劳破坏的主要因素；(3)、材料摩擦系数、外界载荷大小以及涂层厚度都对涂层／基体系统的承载能力以及疲劳寿命都有一定影响。

To address this issue, we microinjected Morpholino Oligonucleotides, which acts as a specific translational inhibitor, into 1-cell stage zebrafish embyos to knockdown the expression of FoxD5. Results showed that the newly forming somites of the FoxD5-MO-injected embryos were malformed both in the stage when the somitogenesis was completed (24-hpf) and in the stage when the somitogenesis was in progress (14-hpf).

在本篇研究中，为了了解FoxD5在体节生成时的功能，利用专一抑制基因转译之Morpholino Oligonucletides对1-cell时期之斑马鱼胚胎进行显微注射以抑制FoxD5的转译，并在体节发育已完成之24 hpf时、及体节仍在形成之14 hpf (约12-somite stage)时分别观察FoxD5-MO注射个体(FoxD5 morphants)，发现新生成之体节处有产生体节发育畸形的现象。

The famous "Tiantangzhai migmatitic granite"(1∶200000 Luotian map) is seperated as Yanshan epoch many granitic plutons, and the most representative two plutons are Tiantangzhai and Jiuzihe pluton, Most of these plutons extend NE direction according with the orientation of regional tectonic line, and have weak gneissosity and banded structure, and contact with country rocks by graduational or intrusive relationship.

首次将大别造山带核部著名的&天堂寨混合花岗岩&(1∶20万罗田幅)解体为燕山期的多个花岗岩体，其中最有代表性的岩体为天堂寨岩体、九资河岩体。这些岩体大多呈NE向展布，与区域构造线方向一致，发育有微弱片麻理和条带状构造，与围岩变质岩呈渐变过渡接触或侵入接触。

AbstractObjectives1 Correlate bone mineral densityto vertebral compressive strengths.2 Consummate the technique for percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty and observe the pattern of PMMA imaging distribution.3 Determine the strength and stiffness of osteoporotic with or without vertebroplasty with PMMA bone cement.4 Correlation of BMD,insertion torque and pull-out strengths of pedicle screws.5 Ascertain whether augmentation with PMMA bone cement can enhance pedicle screw fixation in the osteoporotic spine.6 Ascertain whether augmentation pedicle screw fixation with PMMA bone cement can enhance the stability of unstable thoracolurner burst fractures of osteoporotic spine.

目 的1、测试椎体压缩强度，分析强度与骨矿物质密度（bone mineral density，BMD）的相关关系。2、观察经皮椎体成形术后聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂（polymethylme- thacrylate，PMMA）骨水泥在椎体内的形态学分布及影像学表现。3、比较PMMA骨水泥骨质疏松椎体成形术前/后椎体最大抗压力和压缩刚度的变化。4、分析椎体BMD、螺钉最大旅入力矩和最大拔出力三者之间的关系。5、分析PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后的螺钉的最大轴向拔出力和拔出刚度的变化。6、评价PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉脊柱内固定对不稳定型胸腰椎损伤的即刻稳定性和反复载荷后的稳定性。

As an international actor playing important role on the world stage, EU is different from not only traditional state actors but also non-state actors. To some extent EU can be called a quasi state actor or a postmodern actor.

作为一个在世界舞台上发挥重要作用的国际行为体，欧盟不同于传统国家行为体，也不同于一般的非国家行为体，在一定意义上可以说是独特的准国家行为体或日后现代行 2 欧洲联盟国际行为能力研究：一种建构主义视角为体。

The fluorescence is also a good measurement in identifying oil inclusions and an effective indicator of its maturity,except for some oil inclusions of lower homogenization temperature with white-blue fluorescence color which have been possibly caused by heating decomposition after trapping.

本文在论述有机包裹体荧光机理的基础上，依据不同盆地样品的实验观测结果，从油包裹体荧光的强度、波长、颜色以及与有机包裹体同期的盐水包裹体的均一温度等关系进行分析，证明可以运用油包裹体荧光颜色和平均均一温度等综合指示油气的成熟度

The central 5, 5'-disubstituted bipyridine units of each ligand coordinate theNi or Fe ion, while all the terminal 6-monosubstituted bipyridine units of the ligands keep free of coordination, as the result trinuclear triple-stranded helicate 〓 can not form. This is considered to be caused by the steric hindrance of the methylene substituents α to the chelating nitrogens of the terminal bipyridine units and the strain caused by linkage mode.

配体L〓与Ag作用得到〓，两个配体链相互缠绕着两个Ag离子周围形成双股螺旋结构并以头尾式排列(见图3)，由于配体中位于配位N原子α或β位的末端甲基或次甲基取代基的空间位阻阻碍了头对头式异构体的形成，也正是由于配体头尾式排列而使Ag双股螺旋得以形成，这一结果表明该螺旋体的组装过程中自发地采取了空间阻碍尽可能小的那个构型。

Results show that the mycelium is better than the peanut hull in the preparation of the surface coating chitosan adsorbent; the adsorptive capacity of Ni2+ by the surface-coated adsorbent increased by 50%, compared with the mycelium adsorbent.

系统研究了菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备工艺及吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附特性，结果表明，菌丝体作核心材料优于花生壳，菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附容量比普通菌丝体水处理剂提高了50%，并可以重复使用10次，吸附容量没有明显降低；同时菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2+的吸附特性较好地符合Langmuir 等温方程和Freundlich等温方程。

The new calculation method of structural surfaces with different scales is given on the basis of block discrete element method in which contacts face to face. Moreover, a new discrete element model for simulating rock and soil blasting problem is built. The elements of new model can be split by itself in the program. There are small scale blocks around the charge, and large scale blocks are adopted in far zone.

在块体离散元面－面接触的基础上，给出不同尺度结构面的计算方法，建立离散元对岩土爆破模拟的计算模型，实现块体白分裂计算程序，在药包附近采用小尺度块体，远区采用大尺度块体，可以更为准确地描述爆破载荷下岩体结构面的尺寸效应。

A seven-node difference scheme of the diffusion equation was proposed to study the behaviors of transient electromagnetic field in complicated 3-D geoelectric body. Models of roadway and anomaly body were set up for simulating the transient field excited by a vertical magnetic dipole source. The result of numerical simulation shows that the presence of low resistive conductor leads to noticeable distortion of isolines for the "smoke ring" field, whereas the distortion is not so obvious where the roadway and the poor conductor are located.

为了探讨复杂三维地电体中瞬变电磁场的响应特征，推导了三维扩散方程的七点差分格式，建立了巷道和异常体模型，并对垂直磁偶源激发的瞬变场进行了数值模拟，观察到早期&烟圈&场在低阻体处等值线发生的明显畸变，在巷道和高阻体处的畸变较弱，随着时间的增加异常体的影响逐渐减弱。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失