住院者

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

NCMS could reduce enrollees' burden of disease. Enrollee's education level, hospital grade, hospitalization days and cost are influencing factors of effective hospitalization reimbursement rate of NCMS.

新农合在一定程度上减轻了农民的疾病负担；参合者文化程度、医院级别、住院天数、住院费用是影响新农合住院补偿水平的因素。

Records showed that 98% of women were discharged within 23 hours postsurgery; 44% were discharged within eight hours, and 17% within four hours."Their subsequent disability was not any greater than what we'd seen in our patients during laparoscopy," said Dr. Glasser. Average hospital length of stay was 13.6 hours; two patients (1.4%) remained hospitalized for 48 hours.

纪录显示，有98%的女性患者可在手术后23小时内出院，44%於8个小时内出院，甚至有17%的患者在4个小时内出院，平均住院期为13.6小时，有两位患者(1.4%)住院达48小时，而这些患者在手术后所产生的异常并不高於腹腔镜手术者。

The sample subjects diagnosed as alcoholic hallucinosis according to the CCMD-Ⅱ-R criteria were selected through the inpatient index of alcohol dependence,and classified into four types with classification criteria developed by Satoru Saito,including primary hallucinosis,acute hallucinosis,chronic hallucinosis and symptomatic hallucination.

方法··：通过住院索引查出住院的酒依赖患者中符合CCMD -2 -R诊断标准的酒精中毒性幻觉症者，按斋藤学分类标准分成原始性幻觉症型、急性幻觉症型、慢性幻觉症型和症状性幻觉症型。

The results showed that:(1) compared with never smokers, former smokers used more medical services of all types with the except of herb doctor care. but only differences in number of emergency visits (by 4.5%), rate of and number of days of self-medication with western drugs (by 1.39 times and 18.7%, respectively) were statistically significant after adjusting for other sociodemographic variables; and (2) compared with never smokers, current smokers used more hospital care, emergency care and self-medication with western drugs, but only differences in rate of and number of days of self-medication with western drugs (by 0.63 times and 6.6%, respectively) were statistically significant after adjusting for other socio-demographic variables.

结果显示：(1)已戒菸者除中医门诊外，其他各类医疗服务的利用率与利用量皆高於从不吸菸者，但在控制其他自变项以后，只有急诊次数（增加4.5%）以及自服西药的比率（增加1.39倍）与天数（增加18.7%）上的差异具统计显著意义；(2)目前吸菸者则只在住院、急诊以及自服西药的利用率与利用量上皆高於从不吸菸者，但控制其他自变项以后，亦只有自服西药的比率（增加0.63倍）与天数（增加6.6%）上的差异具统计显著意义。

Result: Among these 252 cases , there are 162 boys and 90 girls, boys are obviously more than girls, and their age are between 3 months and 14 years old, which indicates that infant and children have a high incidence of measles disease, the majority are 5 to 9 months old under 1-year-old;They are mostly rural population or floating population, accounting for 79.37%; There are only 34 children who have been inoculated against measles, accounting for15.08%; and 206 children who have no inoculation history, accounting for 81.75%; There are 212 children who have contacted with some measles patients, account for 84.13%, and there are 76 patients who have see a doctor in hospital time after time and have been diagnosed as a measles sufferer, accounting for 30.16%; Most inpatients presented typical clinical manifestations of measles , and complications are mostly rubeola pneumonia.

结果：252例住院儿童麻疹中，男162例，女90例，男孩显著多于女孩，年龄3月-14岁，以幼儿及学龄前儿童发病率较高，1岁以内主要集中在5-9月龄；以农村人口及流动人口为主，占79.37%；有免疫接种史者仅34例，占15.08%，无免疫接种史者206例，占81.75%；有明确麻疹接触史者212例，占84.13%，反复到医院就诊而先后被确诊为麻疹者76例，占30.16%；临床以典型麻疹为主，并发症以麻疹肺炎最常见。

Objective:To investigate psychological burden of the caregivers of the schizophrene and find correltional cause in schizophrene at different hospital.

目的：探讨住院精神分裂症患者住院期间照料者的精神负担及其相关因素。

RESULTS Duodenal ulcer was the first cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastric ulcer, cirrhosis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome or acute gastric mucous lesion was the second cause of the illness alternatively. The rate of endoscopy and emergent endoscopy has been going up year after year and got up to 80% in 1998. Bleeding and active hemorrhage, respectively were found in 24.3% and 14.9% of the patients underwent endoscopy before medication. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 108 patients by spraying hemostatics and a good response was achieved subsequently. Hemostatics were mainly cimetidine and yunnan baiyao before 1994. Reptilase, pPI, famotidine and ranitidine were used increasingly while cimetidine and yunnan baiyao were used decreasingly. Octreotide was used in patients with cirrhosis commonly. The length of hospital stay and the period from admission to bleeding cease tended to be shorter year by year, but the reduction rate was small. The uses of ranitidine, famotidine, pPI, reptilase, octreotide, early endoscopy and endoscopic therapy may play a role in improving the therapeutic effect of hemostasis, reducing the hospitalization and the mortality.

结果 十二指肠球部溃疡是历年上消化道出血的首要原因，胃溃疡、肝硬变、Mallory -Weiss综合征、急性胃粘膜病变则交替成为第2位出血原因；内镜诊断率和急诊内镜率逐年提高，1998年达到80%，内镜下见出血者占内镜检查的24.3%，而见到活动性出血者仅占内镜检查者的14.9%；内镜下止血108例次，成功率100%；1994年前治疗药物主要为云南白药和甲氰咪胍，之后，随着立止血、质子泵抑制剂、法莫替丁、雷尼替丁等药物使用的逐渐增多，前二者的使用逐渐减少，善得定多用于肝硬变出血；住院天数和止血天数呈逐年下降的趋势，但幅度微小；雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、PPI、立止血、善得定的使用以及及时的内镜检查和内镜下治疗在提高止血效果、缩短住院天数、降低死亡率方面可能起到了一定作用。

objective to study the risk factors on esbl producing strains of k.pneumoniae and e.coli.methods aprospective survey on esbl producing strainsof k.pneumoniae and e.coli for a36-month period.results the resistance rates ofe.coli were:98.08%for ctx,73.08%for amc.the resistance rates of k.pneuˉmonialwere;95.74%for ctx,97.87%for amc.the use rate of third generation cephalosporins was much higher than those of esbls nonproducing strains（p.05）.it induce esbls that3rd generation cephalosporins were used extensive.after strenghtening the antibiotic controls,esbls detection rate has gone down.conclusion the factors of infection of esbl-producing strains were the severity diseases,cellular immunological condition,improper medical manipulations.to prevent esbl-producing strains,reasonable antibiotics usage may be the effective measure.

目的 分析临床大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌产esbls的危险因素，并加以控制。方法前瞻性监测产esbls菌的情况，并对感染者进行临床调查。结果产esbls的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率头孢噻肟钠为98.08%和95.74%，阿莫西林+棒酸为73.08%和97.87%，产esbls菌感染者头孢第三代的使用率（70.21%）显著高于非产esbls菌感染者（39.47%）（p.05）；第三代头孢的大量使用诱导esbls的产生。通过加强抗感染药物的使用管理esbls检出率开始下降。结论严重的基础病、高龄、机体免疫力低下，长期住院者是esbls菌感染的易感宿主，皮质激素、化疗及介入性疗法是esbls感染的高危因素。滥用抗感染药是产生esbls的重要因素，合理使用抗感染药是防止esbls产生的主要措施。

Objective Explore the characteristics of age distribution of inpatients.

目的 探讨医院住院者的疾病种类、住院费用、住院天数的年龄分布特征。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。