住院的

Subjects were recruited from a medical ward of Taipei City Hospital during a period of 4 month in 2007. Patients who had peripheral lines inserted during their hospitalization and were on IV therapy for more than 24 hours were included after informed consent was obtained.

收案场所为台北市立联合医院，收案对象包括在住院期间内有注射周边静脉导管的癌症病患，有静脉注射且置放时间大於24 小时者。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

Methodological reviewing analyses my courtyard to came in March 1999 42 are obtained in December 2006 complete along with the operation of travel surgical department that seeks a data or 42 liver of intervening processing the clinical data of patient of hyperfunction of sclerotic lienal function, group of excision of division of its China and foreign countries 19, group of partial sex lienal embolism 23, after observing two groups of art quite the 3rd, 7, 14, 30 days are reached 1 year outside week blood picture is main index (time of the be in hospital after active, art, hospitalization expenses uses a month after RBC, WBC, PLT), art and NK cell of 1 year.

方法回顾分析我院1999年3月至2006年12月42例获得完整随访资料的行外科手术或介入处理的42例肝硬化脾功能亢进患者的临床资料，其中外科切除组19例，部分性脾栓塞组23例，比较观察两组术后第3、7、14、30天及1年的外周血象主要指标(RBC、WBC、PLT)、术后1个月及1年的NK细胞活性、术后住院时间、住院费用及并发症的发病率。

Elderly patients with conservative treatment of femoral neck fracture in the bone unhealing rate, avascular necrosis rate and bed incidence of complications are very high, often need surgical treatment, Currently Artificial arthroplasty better able to load the early running, and significantly improved the quality of life. Orthopedist has been universally acknowledged, which was also hemiarthroplasty for and hip arthroplasty mainly, But these indications of operation and the pros and cons of surviving in numerous disputes, By comparing our double-action Hemiarthroplasty with total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in the elderly average operative time, The average blood transfusion, the average length of stay, average hospital charges, early complications, Harris score, Oxford hip score standards evaluation discussion bipola Femeral Head placement with total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly: the advantages and disadvantages.

老年患者股骨颈骨折保守治疗的骨不愈合率、股骨头缺血坏死率及卧床并发症发生率很高，常需要行手术治疗，目前应用人工关节置换疗效较好，能早期负重行走，生活质量明显提高，已得到骨科医师的普遍认同，其中又以人工股骨头置换术和人工髋关节置换术为主，但这些术式的适应证及利弊尚存在诸多争议，我们通过比较双动人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的平均手术时间、平均输血量、平均住院时间、平均住院费用、早期并发症、Harris评分、牛津髋关节评分标准评价来探讨双动人工股骨头置换与全髋关节置换在老年人股骨颈骨折治疗中的优势与劣势。

A clinical trial of 306 subjects 50 years of age or older who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, showed a one-day reduction in the length of hospital stay in those patients who received osteopathic manual treatment in addition to standard medical care as compared to patients who received only conventional medical care.

临床试验306名受试者的50岁或以上谁住院治疗社区获得性肺炎，表明了为期一天的减少了住院天数在这些患者谁收到的骨科治疗手册除了标准的医疗保健作为病人相比，谁只收到常规的医疗照顾。

According to the Interior Ministry's figures, the elderly comprised more than 9.1% of Taiwan's population as of 2003, making the silvering of this island's people all the more obvious. In recent years the ratio of senior citizens living alone has likewise crept upward. Bulging ranks mean a higher incidence of those hospitalized, along with the amount of hospital care needed for single senior patients, and self-care for those living at home. All this adds up to grave concern by healthcare personnel-i.e., how to provide effective healthcare appropriate to the needs of elderly persons living alone.

根据内政部92年老年人口统计已超出人口总数的9.2%，使得台湾人口的老化现象更为明显，近年来老人独居比率也有慢慢上升的趋势，由於老年人口增多，相对提升住院比例，而对於独居老人住院疗护及居家自我照顾的需求，更成为护理人员思考如何提供有效率且符合独居老人需求的护理。

RESULTS Duodenal ulcer was the first cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastric ulcer, cirrhosis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome or acute gastric mucous lesion was the second cause of the illness alternatively. The rate of endoscopy and emergent endoscopy has been going up year after year and got up to 80% in 1998. Bleeding and active hemorrhage, respectively were found in 24.3% and 14.9% of the patients underwent endoscopy before medication. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 108 patients by spraying hemostatics and a good response was achieved subsequently. Hemostatics were mainly cimetidine and yunnan baiyao before 1994. Reptilase, pPI, famotidine and ranitidine were used increasingly while cimetidine and yunnan baiyao were used decreasingly. Octreotide was used in patients with cirrhosis commonly. The length of hospital stay and the period from admission to bleeding cease tended to be shorter year by year, but the reduction rate was small. The uses of ranitidine, famotidine, pPI, reptilase, octreotide, early endoscopy and endoscopic therapy may play a role in improving the therapeutic effect of hemostasis, reducing the hospitalization and the mortality.

结果 十二指肠球部溃疡是历年上消化道出血的首要原因，胃溃疡、肝硬变、Mallory -Weiss综合征、急性胃粘膜病变则交替成为第2位出血原因；内镜诊断率和急诊内镜率逐年提高，1998年达到80%，内镜下见出血者占内镜检查的24.3%，而见到活动性出血者仅占内镜检查者的14.9%；内镜下止血108例次，成功率100%；1994年前治疗药物主要为云南白药和甲氰咪胍，之后，随着立止血、质子泵抑制剂、法莫替丁、雷尼替丁等药物使用的逐渐增多，前二者的使用逐渐减少，善得定多用于肝硬变出血；住院天数和止血天数呈逐年下降的趋势，但幅度微小；雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、PPI、立止血、善得定的使用以及及时的内镜检查和内镜下治疗在提高止血效果、缩短住院天数、降低死亡率方面可能起到了一定作用。

Furniture and bedding. However, these stuffs used in the sanatoriums and hospitals are often asked more critically due to the complexity of these environments and the survival of fatal bacteria. Though these facilities could be cleaned by replacing them with new surface textiles, the materials inside these facilities may not be disinfected easily.

而疗养院、医院中所使用的看护设备，也是由这些日常家具所衍生出来的商品，只是对於使用的环境而有更严格的要求，例如疗养院、医院的住院病人，住院期间的生活最常面对的看护设备，像病床、轮椅…等等用品，因为疗养院、医院病人聚集，微生物相复杂，这些经常使用的设施，表面的织物也许可以经常梳洗更换，但是内部的材质却不一定能经常消毒处理，日积月累之下往往成为微生物滋生的温床。

objective:to explore the method of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of oligohydramnios in late pregnancy,the association of olignophdramnios with pregnant complications and its effect on perineonate.methods:the clinical data in 84 patient with oligohydramnios from january 2004 to december 2006 in our hospital were collected,and 100 patients with normal amniotic fluid volume selected randomly served as control at the same time.the complications of pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes were analysed.results:afi method was much better than afv in diagnosis of oligohydramnios by ultrasonography.the combination of both methods could obviously improve the diagnostic accuracy of oligohydramnios.oligohydramnios could cause pregnant complications,the rate of cesarean section,fetal distress,asphyxia neonatorum and meconium -stained fluid improved significantly.conclusion:oligohydramnios in late pregnancy can cause adverse effect to perineonate,it is a dangerous omen to perineonate and need to be done immediately.ultrasonography is a dependable diagnostic method of oligohydramnios in late pregnancy.

目的：探讨超声诊断晚期妊娠羊水过少的方法，羊水过少与妊娠并发症的关系及对围生儿的影响。方法：收集我院2004年1月~2006年12月住院分娩足月妊娠产妇超声诊断羊水过少者84例，与临床符合率相比较，同时随机抽取同期在我院住院分娩的羊水量正常孕妇100例作为对照组，两组妊娠并发症及围生儿情况进行比较。结果：超声诊断羊水过少afi法优于afv法，两种方法结合可明显提高羊水过少的诊断准确率，羊水过少易伴发妊娠并发症，且妊娠晚期羊水过少孕妇剖宫产率及胎儿窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息的发生率明显增加，差异均有显著性。结论：妊娠晚期羊水过少会给围生儿造成不良的影响，是危险的征兆，需及时处理，超声检查是产前诊断羊水过少的可靠方法。

The fear of death caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was not only a suffering to the patients but also a torture to their family. This paper reported the nursing experience of a middleage SARS woman who was infected by her son. The Gordon's functional health assessment guide was used to identify health problems. There were five major nursing health problems, including ineffective airway clearance, disturbance of sleep pattern, sensory deprivation, social isolation, and post-trauma response. Nurse-patient relationship was built up by positive caring attitude and effective nursing intervention. The woman was therefore able to improve her coping ability to her physical and psychological crisis. Because the disease is rare, this experience is useful as a reference for caring similar patients in the future.

严重急性呼吸道症群所造成的恐慌与面对死亡的恐惧，不但病人受苦，其家属也面临身心煎熬，本篇个案报告是叙述一位中年妇女因照顾罹患严重急性呼吸道症群的儿子疏於防范而引发自身发病须住院治疗，於住院治疗隔离期间以Gordon十一项健康功能做为身心社会的评估，使用观察、会谈等技巧，评估发现个案之主要护理健康问题包括：呼吸道清除功能障碍、睡眠型态的紊乱、知觉剥削、社又隔离、及创伤后反应，笔者於照护期间运用关怀之态度建立信任感、治疗性人际关系及相关护理措施，协助病患渡过生理上及心理上之危机，由於此类个案是临床上少数特殊的病例，以此照护经验分享以提供同化照护此类个案时之参考。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。