住宅

Through the knowledge of the urban societies, this case study puts the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements back in the Story of the urbanization and the housing policy, discuss its historic and social formation, breaks the public opinion's prejudice, puts in light the ill-assorted sharing of the country resources and the unequal development of the cities.At the same time, this research introduces the formation and the structure of the New Caoya Urban Squatter Settlements - it comes at first from the urban development bringing a need of workers, the population migrates massively from the countryside to the city, the study shows more clearly the bad regulation of the housing policy. In the time, the authorities, to relieve the tension of the consumption, let the Squatter Settlements form. With the evolution of the urbanization, it became a choice of extra housing. Today the New Caoya Squatter Settlements play still an important role among the low incomes families.

本研究透过都市社会学认识论的仲介，将新草衙违建聚落放回到都市发展与住宅政策的历史脉络中，探讨新草衙违建聚落的形成历史及其社会过程，破除社会大众对新草衙违建聚落边缘性的偏见，还原新草衙违建聚落背后所隐含的国家资源分配不均及城乡发展不均衡等意涵，同时透过新草衙违建聚落的研究，指出新草衙都市违建聚落的形构，首先由都市产业发展带动劳工需求，乡村大量人口涌进都市，进而为都市土地住宅政策调节失当所深化，而当时国家或都市当局为缓和都市集体消费问题的压力，默许放纵此违建聚落的形成，而随著都市发展的演变，作为非正式部门住宅服务的特殊形态，新草衙违建聚落至今仍担任著提供中低收入住宅的重要功能。

From power load,power supply,indoor distribution system,illumination,weak-current design,distribution board,ground protection,lighting protecti on design and other aspects electrical design of multistoried house is discussed in order to meet new requirements on housing project.

从住宅用电负荷，住宅供电，户内配电系统，照明、插座布置，弱电设计，配电箱、开关、插座的安装，接地保护，防雷设计等方面对多层住宅电气的设计进行了探讨，以满足住宅工程的新需求。

The paper studied the changes of the modern industry production pattern and the experience of housing production pattern home and abroad.

本文研究了现代工业生产模式的变化和国内外住宅生产模式改革的经验，通过比较国外发达国家的住宅生产模式，并结合近年来中国住宅建设新的发展方向，概要地提出了一种新的住宅生产模式——大规模定制。

Therefore, the part of analyzing questions compares and analyzesarchitectural elements involved in traditional folk houses and municipal housing from threeaspects such as world view of humanism, nature and psychology, which aims to seek a commonground between modern municipal housing and aspects of cultural recessiveness such ashumanism spirits involved in traditional residences. Then, this dissertation will put forward thedesign method concerning application of traditional folk houses" elements to modern housing, andthen try to change current drawbacks of municipal housing such as lack of expression and neglectof sensation, so that it is possible to explore another development path for people"s betterinhabitancy as well as to provide a new way of thought for forming resident architecture theorywith Chinese characteristic.

因此分析问题部分从自然观、人文观和心理观三方面对传统民居和城市住宅中的建筑元素进行比较分析，目的是找出传统民居中凝结的人文精神与情感智慧等文化隐性层面与当代城市住宅的契合点，提出传统民居元素在现代住宅中应用的设计方法，从而试图改变现有现代城市住宅"缺乏表情，忽视情感"等现有的缺憾，以期为人们更好地栖居生活探索另一条发展途径，也为形成有中国特色居住建筑理论提供一种新的思考方式。

In order to study this question, author have done the following four things: first, have tested more than forty times in WUHAN—the typical region which hot in summer and cold in winter, second, use Ventilation Simulation software to do some simulation test; third, investigate some residenter's subjective recept over their house; fourth, reading some paper. Through studying ventilation, sunlight, periphery component, I have thorough discussed some house design theory compatible to this special climate.

为了这个目的，作者在武汉——典型的夏热冬冷地区进行了冬季与夏季大量实测实验、通风模拟软件PHOENICS的模拟试验、广泛的居民就住宅主观感受问卷调查，以及众多的文献阅读，从住宅的通风、日照、外围护构件等方面着手，深入研究了该地区住宅适应气候的设计方法，努力寻求一种最适合夏热冬冷地区住宅的气候适应方式。

Beijing compared with the current hot real estate is residential projects, which in the CBD planning to do a lot of residential projects, the current developer and will soon come into the main developers of residential projects have been doing from the function, if the CBD Central Business District there are some changes in function, it will affect the development of CBD.

太多北京住宅项目相比，目前的热点是房地产住宅项目，这些项目在CBD的规划做了大量的住宅项目，目前的开发和即将开发的主要住宅项目已经做了功能，如生物多样性公约中央商务区也有一些变化的功能，它会影响生物多样性的发展。

Address population live, is an important link in a harmonious society, we should take the development and transformation of walking on two legs approach on the one hand, increasing technology content in new residential, and building high-quality residential; On the other hand, should also promote the transformation of the old residential "section 4" technology, a new Old a combination of residential technology innovation.

解决百姓居住问题，是构建和谐社会的重要环节，我们应采取开发与改造两条腿走路的方针，一方面在新建住宅中加大科技含量，打造高品质住宅；另一方面，还应在旧住宅改造中推广"四节"技术，抓好新旧住宅技术创新的结合。

The article will research the design of residential pitched roof . Begin with its history , in accordance with the thought from method to principles, then from theory to design, research this ancient architectural problem .And the integration of energy-efficient residential design section of the new situation, analysis the new problems in residential pitched roof design.

文章将从住宅坡屋顶的设计问题入手，从住宅坡屋顶的历史沿革谈起，按照从设计要素、方法到原则、理念的脉络，由方法到理论，再由理论指导设计，对这一个古老的建筑话题作深入地分析研究，并且结合当今住宅节能节地设计的新形势，对住宅坡屋顶设计中出现的一些新情况和问题进行了分析和总结。

By discussing the theory of housing culture in community planning and housing design,the modern homebuilding construction and community planning should be focused on establishing culture atmosphere,and an elegant,comfortable,secure integral space.

通过对"居住区规划及住宅设计应体现文化气质"这一观点的探讨，强调了"住宅文化"的理念；文化是未来高品质住宅的精髓。住宅建设及居住区规划应强调文化氛围，创造出一个高层次的舒适安全的整体空

This dissertation narrates the historical progress of residential buildingssaving energy in the course of city construction in Shanghai and unscrambles thedesign criteria concerning the residential building in Shanghai.

研究上海高层住宅的发展演变，分析高层住宅结构特征、安全问题；并根据上海地区的地域位置、气候特点，分析上海地区住宅建筑尤其是高层住宅建筑的能耗特点。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。