低温实验法

The results show that caramel produced by liquefaction of high temperature, saccharification of low temperature and ammoniation of ammonium sulfate has excellent colour rate and high p roduction efficiency.

本文就是对采用甘薯淀粉生产焦糖色素的工艺进行研究，用正交实验法确定了在高温液化、低温糖化和硫酸铵氨化的条件下生产出的焦糖色素色率好、收率高。

Many influential factors of this method were analyzed. The experimental results indicated: the mole ratio of urea, sodium hypochiorite and sodium hydroxide was controlled within the range of (1.10~1.12):1:(2.30~2.42), the temperature of low temperature reaction must be controlled under 20℃, the high temperature should intensify fast to backset current temperature while reacting and the time for raising temperature only within 5min, and the yield of hydrazine hydrate can be reach about 75.1%.

实验分析了尿素法生产水合肼的各种影响因素，实验表明，尿素、次氯酸钠与氢氧化钠的摩尔比为(1.10~1.12)：1：(2.30~2.42)，低温反应温度控制在20℃以下，高温反应阶段快速升温至回流后反应5min左右时，水合肼收率可达75.1%左右。

The model of heat and mass transfer of a biological sample in cryopreservation was solved by perturbation and integral methods.

用摄动法和积分法求解了生物样品的传热传质模型，在模型简化时比较了积分解和精确解，探讨了低温保存中细胞的损伤机理，对冷却介质温度随时间线性变化时相变界面的移动作了实验研究，用自己设计和制作的实验台架和测试装置测量了相变界面的移动和温场的分布。

Simulation experiments make sure that the dilatometer is able to detect the expansion changes in low temperature. The high temperature reheating process with dilatometer analysis indicate that the firing temperature are little higher than 900℃ for one sample and lower than 900℃ for other five samples with firing temperature ranges of 550~650℃, 650~750℃ and 750~900℃. The results from mineral composition analysis of the samples by X-ray diffraction provide further evidence of the reliability of the thermal expansion measurement.

模拟实验表明，所采用的热膨胀仪能适应低温法测温实验；用热膨胀高温法测出早期陶片中有一块样品原始烧成温度略高于900℃，其余5块样品皆低于900℃；通过热膨胀低温法较为准确地测出这五块样品原始烧成温度是分别介于550~650℃、650~750℃、750~900℃三个范围，而X射线衍射分析结果从物相成分的角度证明了测温结果的可靠性。

Methods: four male volunteers were recruited to live in a disabled submarine simulator which is close, dark and algid for 10 days. they were supplied 1.5 l water and one portion of saving life dry provision everyday. the body weight was detected before the experiment and on day 3, day 4, day 5 and day 10 after exposure. at the same time, venous blood taken suction from elbow was used to detect the level of blood glucose, which was centrifuged to take the upper serum to detect the level of ffa at low temperature by colorimetric.

4名男性受试人员在封闭、黑暗、寒冷的试验舱体中进行为期10 d的模拟失事潜艇环境实验，每人每天供水1.5 l和1盒救生压缩干粮，实验前和第3、4、5、10天出舱的晨起测定体质量，抽取肘部静脉血，测定血糖；低温离心留取上层血清，采用一次提取比色法测定游离脂肪酸。

In this thesis, by the means of calefactive oxidation test of coal samples, the characteristics of different samples spontaneous combustion are analyzed; the infrared spectrum is assimilated to review the rule that coal function corps change in the process of coal low-temperature oxidation ; by the means of thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimeter, the kinetic function of coal low-temperature oxidation in spontaneous combustion process are analyzed , depend on the device, the mathematical model of coal spontaneous combustion is developed, the model are dealt with, Finally, the temperature field and the velocity field with velocity of the entry flow is got.

论文通过煤的低温氧化和自燃过程，实验研究了煤的低温氧化气体产物特征和变化规律，研究得出了煤的低温氧化过程中气体生成量与氧气消耗量与煤温之间的指数关系式；在煤的低温自热氧化过程中，对煤的官能团等化学结构的变化研究，揭示了煤炭低温自热氧化化学基团变化规律；采用非等温TG和DSC法研究了烟煤低温氧化动力学，得出了煤低温氧化分布活化能及煤低温氧化机理函数的变化规律；建立了煤低温氧化自热数学模型，并对该模型进行数值解算，可得煤样的温度场与速度场随入口风量变化情况。

To overcome the shortcomings of the ammonia-alcohol method, this paper experimentally studied the green deacidification technology of diesel by the ammonia-alcohol method, which used low-temperature coalescence filtration in a self-made experimental device.

为克服醇氨法的缺点，在自制的实验装置上采用低温聚结过滤法对柴油醇氨法绿色脱酸技术进行实验研究。

Methods: Develop insecticide by emulsification test in laboratory.Results: In storage tests at high and low temperature, the emulsifiable concentrate and emulsion was very steady and it reached standard of FAO. Conclusion: Physical property of LW-special efficacy insecticide against cockroach is steady. It is convenient in use ad it has little smell and mark.

目的：以残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯为有效成分，制备LW-特效灭蟑乳油；方法：采用乳化实验法进行实验室药剂制备实验；结果：LW-特效灭蟑乳油经高低温储存试验，其乳油及乳状液的稳定性均达到国际粮农组织规定的标准；结论：LW-特效灭蟑乳油物理性状稳定，使用方便，施药时气味低、痕迹小，有广泛的应用前景。

There are experimental results as follows:(1) Eriophorum comosum Nees shows strong cold resistance in plasmalemma permeability research. The lethal temperature of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the lowest LT_(50 in comparison with another two plants and is lower than -11.5℃ in August 2005 and December 2005; Soluble protein content of each plant is rising before or after cold hardiness. By SDS-PAGE, Protein band is analysed. Band quantity of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the most and its band color is darkest.(2) Soluble sugar content of three plants after cold hardiness are higher than before cold hardiness, moreover soluble sugar content after cold hardiness shows a decline and there is a narrow range in Eriophorum comosum Nees; Free Proline accumulation is changed by cold stress, and cold resistance is relative to free Proline accumulation; chlorophyll content of both three plants, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b, show a decline tendency along with the descent of temperature. Cynodon dactylon is highly sensitive to cold stress.(3) The soil POD and urease activities' absolute value of Erioophorum comosum Nees and Pogonatherum panideumHack were more than that of Cynodon dactylon before or after low temperature stress, especially POD activities.

实验结果表明：(1)在膜透性的研究中，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒性最强，采用电导率法测得半致死温度LT_(50最低，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒锻炼前后半致死温度LT_(50均小于-11.5℃；在可溶性蛋白含量研究中，抗寒锻炼前后三种植物的可溶性蛋白含量均增加，同时采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白条带分析，以丛毛羊胡子草条带数最多且着色深；(2)在可溶性糖的研究中，三种植物经抗寒锻炼后叶片可溶性糖含量都比抗寒锻炼前高，且经过抗寒锻炼后三种植物可溶性糖均呈下降趋势，丛毛羊胡子草可溶性糖含量下降较小；从游离脯氨酸含量可知，低温的胁迫影响了植物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量变化，植物的抗寒性与游离脯氨酸有关；低温胁迫下三种植物叶绿素含量随着温度的下降，叶绿素含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a／b均呈下降趋势，狗牙根对低温胁迫最为敏感；(3)低温锻炼前后，丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的土壤过氧化物酶与脲酶活性的绝对值均大于狗牙根的，特别是过氧化物酶，说明丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的酶活性大于狗牙根的。

The mian works are as follows:(1)By coprecipitation technique and coprecipitation- gel technique the nano zirconia powder was produced, factors affecting the properties of nano zirconia powder such as pH and the content of stabilizator are analyzed;(2)By the new pressless sintering process, the nano zirconia ceramic was produced, factors which can affecting the properties of nano zirconia sinter body such as moulding press and the sinter temperature are analyzed;(3)By the microtherm pressless sintering process, the nano copper added functional zirconia ceramic composite was produced, microscopic dimensionality and electric properties of such sinter body and the factors affecting such sinter body are analyzed;(4)By the self-invented "external albumen coating" technique the zirconia powder was successfully coated by carbon in the corresponding sinter body, which can help solve the traditional aggregation problem to some degree;(5)Based on analyze the characteristics in the nano powder sinter process, the "three-ball sinter model" was proposed, for the relationship between the relative density and porosity of sinter body, by mathematical fitting, such model was successfully verified.

本研究比较系统地研究了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的合成与成型机理，特别是讨论了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的稳定性，为防止纳米颗粒在外场作用下的团聚和长大提供了理论基础和实验数据，具体工作有以下几方面：(1)采用共沉淀法和共沉淀-凝胶法制备了纳米氧化锆粉体，并分析了pH值和稳定剂含量对粉体性能的影响；(2)采用新型无压烧结工艺制备了纳米氧化锆陶瓷，并分析了成型压力和烧结温度对烧结体性能的影响；(3)采用低温无压烧结工艺制备出添加纳米铜的功能性纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷，并分析了烧结体的微观尺度和电学性能的变化以及影响因素；(4)通过自创的&鸡蛋清外敷法&在真空镀膜台上对纳米氧化锆粉体进行包敷碳颗粒的表面处理，并采用真空烧结工艺制得相应烧结体，初步开始解决陶瓷烧结过程中团聚长大这一传统难题；(5)通过分析纳米颗粒在制备烧结体过程中的实际特点，提出了&三球烧结数学模型&，通过引入坯体相对密度和孔隙率的相对关系分析并通过自行编写的数学拟合软件，验证了这一数学模型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。