低温学

The second part of the 19th century witnessed several major discoveries in the field of cryogenics, including adiabatic expansion systems for cooling gases, that led to the liquefaction of oxygen, air, and nitrogen, vacuum flask, which facilitated storage and handling of liquefied gases and the Joule-Thomson effect to produce continuously operating air liquefiers, triggered a resurgence of cryosurgery

19世纪后叶，低温学领域有几项重要发现，包括将纯氧、空气和氮气液化绝热膨胀系统，能储存和处理液化气的真空瓶，以及应用Joule-Thomson 效应产生持续液化气体流，这些均促进了冷冻疗法的发展

Cryogenics:The production of low temperature s or the study of low- temperature phenomena.

低温学：以低温现象为研究对象的学科。气温一夜间下降了七度。

Cryogenics:The production of low temperature s or the study of low-temperature phenomena.

低温学：以低温现象为研究对象的学科。硫的低温稳定态为正交硫。

Cryogenics:The production of low temperatures or the study of low-temperature phenomena.

低温学：以低温现象为研究对象的学科。

Phys. The science of matter and energy and of interactions between the two, grouped in traditional fields such as acoustics, optics, mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism, as well as in modern extensions including atomic and nuclear physics, cryogenics, solid-state physics, particle physics, and plasma physics.

物理，物理学：有关物质和能量及两者之间相互作用的科学，传统上分为声学、光学、机械学、热力学和电磁学，现今又扩展到包括原子物理、核物理、低温学、固体物理学、微粒物理学和等离子体物理学

Research exceeds a general designation of science and technology below cold condition this kind to learn for microtherm.

探究这种超冷状态下的科学技术统称为低温学。

Objective: In order to study the influence of hypothermia on the hemorheology,a clamped hypothermia rabbit model was designed .

目的：为了研究低温下血液流变学的改变及防治措施，建立控制性低温的家兔模型。

Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

Results 1.After treated by:program freezing,the maximum load of the allografts has no evident decrease and the cell activity of allografts was preserved well,the frozen hurt after program freezing was more slight than －80℃ deepfrozen,2.No evident reject reaction can be seen during the healing process after deep frozen and the reject reaction declined as the time pass by.3.Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

In this study, by applying technology of plant physiology and biochemistry, combined with proteomics technology we analyzed effect of the low temperature stress on the physiological and biochemical responses on 4 week-old buffalograss treated at 5℃for 6 h and 24 h, and carried out the analysis of differential proteomics on leaf total protein under 5℃for 24 h. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of cold resistance on buffalograss.

本研究利用植物生理生化的研究手段，并结合蛋白质组学研究技术(双向电泳技术、质谱技术)，分析了在5℃低温胁迫6 h和24 h的条件下，野牛草生理生化的响应机制；对低温胁迫24 h的野牛草幼苗叶片总蛋白进行了差异蛋白质组的比较分析，以探索野牛草低温胁迫的抗性机制。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。