低温

General hypothermia was produced in 27 rabbits under nembutal anesthesia by immersing in an ice water bath, during the course of which, the carotid blood pressure was registered, the depressor and pressor reflexes elicited by faradic stimulation of the central end of the depressor nerve and by temporary occlusion of one side of the carotid artery respectively were examined.

三选择性头部低温与全身低温一样地引起血管内感受性反射的减弱，这说明全身低温时的上述反射变化主要取决於低温对神经中枢的作用，而这种作用可能使中枢处於间生性抑制状态。

To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on podocarpus fleuryi Hickel seedlings, two-year-old seedlings were selected as experimental material. We conducted comparative study. On the one hand, seedlings were separately placed in the plots located at the top, half-way-up and the foot of Jinyun Mountain (different altitudes at Jinyun Mountain led to the difference in air temperature) and subjected to winter low temperature stress. On the other hand, in laboratory, seedlings were exposed to simulated low temperature stress which were artificially controlled .

为了探讨低温胁迫对长叶竹柏幼苗的生理生态影响，本试验选取长叶竹柏的二龄幼苗为试验材料，在试验方法上采取了对比研究方法：一方面，利用缙云山不同的海拔造成的温度差异，分别将幼苗置于山顶、山腰和山脚下三个样地中，进行野外冬季自然低温胁迫处理；另一方面，在实验室中，利用人工控制的不同低温进行模拟低温胁迫处理。

RCP is regarded as an assistant method in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in that it provides partial brain blood flow,maintains a low brain temperature,optimizes cerebral metabolic function during DHCA by supplying oxygen and some nutrient and removal of catabolic products;it also reduces the incidence of cerebral embolization by flushing out air and particulate microemboli from the arterial tree before the reinstitution of antegrade perfusion,thus prolonging the limitation of safety of DHCA.But brain edema probably happens to restrict the clinical use of this method.

上腔静脉逆行性灌注是深低温停循环脑保护的辅助手段，已证明在低温状态下，它为脑部提供低流量血流，维持脑部低温状态；提供部分氧和营养物质，运走代谢产物；减少气栓及栓塞的发生，从而延长了深低温停循环脑保护的安全时限，而脑水肿的危险性限制了该方法在临床的应用。

The strength of SiCp/Al composites hot-pressed above and extruded below, or hot-pressed below and extruded above the solidus temperature of the matrix is higher than that of composites hot-pressed and extruded above or below the abovementioned temperature, and the strength of SiCp/Al composites hot-pressed above and extruded below the solidus temperature of the matrix is the highest.

以基体合金的固相线温度为基准，高温热压、低温挤压或者低温热压、高温挤压的复合材料的强度优于高温热压挤压或者低温热压挤压的复合材料，并且高温热压、低温挤压的复合材料的力学性能最优。

There are experimental results as follows:(1) Eriophorum comosum Nees shows strong cold resistance in plasmalemma permeability research. The lethal temperature of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the lowest LT_(50 in comparison with another two plants and is lower than -11.5℃ in August 2005 and December 2005; Soluble protein content of each plant is rising before or after cold hardiness. By SDS-PAGE, Protein band is analysed. Band quantity of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the most and its band color is darkest.(2) Soluble sugar content of three plants after cold hardiness are higher than before cold hardiness, moreover soluble sugar content after cold hardiness shows a decline and there is a narrow range in Eriophorum comosum Nees; Free Proline accumulation is changed by cold stress, and cold resistance is relative to free Proline accumulation; chlorophyll content of both three plants, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b, show a decline tendency along with the descent of temperature. Cynodon dactylon is highly sensitive to cold stress.(3) The soil POD and urease activities' absolute value of Erioophorum comosum Nees and Pogonatherum panideumHack were more than that of Cynodon dactylon before or after low temperature stress, especially POD activities.

实验结果表明：(1)在膜透性的研究中，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒性最强，采用电导率法测得半致死温度LT_(50最低，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒锻炼前后半致死温度LT_(50均小于-11.5℃；在可溶性蛋白含量研究中，抗寒锻炼前后三种植物的可溶性蛋白含量均增加，同时采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白条带分析，以丛毛羊胡子草条带数最多且着色深；(2)在可溶性糖的研究中，三种植物经抗寒锻炼后叶片可溶性糖含量都比抗寒锻炼前高，且经过抗寒锻炼后三种植物可溶性糖均呈下降趋势，丛毛羊胡子草可溶性糖含量下降较小；从游离脯氨酸含量可知，低温的胁迫影响了植物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量变化，植物的抗寒性与游离脯氨酸有关；低温胁迫下三种植物叶绿素含量随着温度的下降，叶绿素含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a／b均呈下降趋势，狗牙根对低温胁迫最为敏感；(3)低温锻炼前后，丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的土壤过氧化物酶与脲酶活性的绝对值均大于狗牙根的，特别是过氧化物酶，说明丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的酶活性大于狗牙根的。

The analysis shows that, the larger the mol value of ethylic sequence in high molecule chains, the higher the low-temperature viscosity, the worse the low-temperature starting performance and pumpability.

通过分析得出：随着高分子链中丙基序列所占摩尔分数的增大，低温粘度变大，低温启动和泵送性能变差；而随着乙烯基含量的增加，低温粘度下降，低温性能变好。

The thesis introduces the general engine development, domestic and foreign, analyses the present situation and future development trend of environment friendly lubricants, studies on theories of flow activation and low-temperature jellification which well illustrate the low-temperature property of environment friendly lubricants, researches the low-temperature flowability of environment friendly lubricants in perspective of molecule, then theoretically synthesizes plastic and flow principles of environment friendly lubricants and finally reaches a ground to explain low-temperature properties of environment friendly lubricants.

本文论述了国内外内燃机油的发展概况，分析了环境兼容润滑油的发展现状及趋势，研究了可以用于解释环境兼容润滑油低温性能的流动活化理论和低温成胶理论，从分子的角度研究了环境兼容润滑油低温流变特性，对润滑油的粘塑性流变机理进行了理论推导，找出了解释环境兼容润滑油低温流变特性的根据。

In this paper,we reviewed the sites of damage under chilling temperature,such as effects of low temperature on membrane,two photosystems and some enzymes in Calvin cycle,the chillingsensitive components that exist in plants in vivo and the way of improving the ability of defending photoinhibition under low temperature.

本文论述了低温对植物伤害的原初反应，例如低温对膜的伤害、低温对两个光系统和卡尔文循环中某些酶类的影响，并讨论了植物体内的冷敏感组分以及提高植物防御低温光抑制能力的途径。

The results showed that the cold stress could promote accumulation of Fpro in the leaves of Saccharum spontaneum L. and Sclerostachya. And when treated 3~0℃ cold stress, the content of Fpro increased with treating time, but it only increased in a short time when treated with lower temperature. Spraying sugar solution would boost the effect of cold stress. Fpro was mainly synthesized in the leaves of S. spontaneum L. and rapidly was transported to the stem and root.

结果表明，低温处理会引起叶片中Fpro含量增加，其中3~0℃低温处理时叶片中Fpro含量随处理时间延长而递增，而更低温处理只能引起Fpro含量短期内增加；外施蔗糖溶液能增强低温处理的效果；割手密叶部是合成Fpro的主要部位，Fpro在叶部合成后迅速转运到茎和根。

In control, however,the weak expression ofCY3 mRNA can be found after 48 hours of chilling and showed little increase at the third day instress.

非逆境条件下，IPT对秧苗根系中mRNA的表达差异与对照相比没有很大的变化；低温胁迫3天后，IPT对根系中mRNA的表达影响很大，既能增强某些基因的表达，又能抑制另一些基因的表达；用DDRT-PCR技术，寻找到5个低温胁迫下在对照和IPT处理中差异表达的基因，其中CY3片段与水稻CDPK1和CDPK2的mRNA有很高的同源性，初步断定CY3在植株的抗逆反应中可能具有与CDPKs相似的功能；在Genbank中没有检索到与其它4个片段同源性比较高的已知序列；IPT处理中CY3表达量在低温处理24hr就有明显升高，以后随胁迫时间的延长其表达量不断加强；恢复常温后，CY3表达继续增加，在恢复第14天开始下降，下降速度缓慢，IPT对CY3的影响一直延续到苗末期，对照中CY3在低温胁迫48hr才有微弱表达，72hr后表达量并未增加许多；恢复常温后第4天就开始下降，很快降到最低。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。