低温

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全国免费服务热线：400 880 2959主营产品：盐雾腐蚀试验箱/二氧化硫试验箱/高温试验箱/低温试验箱/高低温试验箱/高低温湿热试验箱。/高低温交变湿热试验箱/台式恒温恒湿试验箱/恒温恒湿试验箱/精密干燥试验箱/真空干燥箱/高低温冲击试验箱/紫外光加速老化试验机/氙灯耐气候试验箱/换气式老化试验箱/臭氧老化试验箱/防锈油脂湿热试验箱/砂尘试验箱/箱式淋雨试验箱/摆管淋雨试验装置/滴水试验装置/霉菌交变试验箱/盐雾腐蚀试验室/大型高低温步入试验室/恒温恒湿试验室/盐雾恒温恒湿高温复合试验箱/温度老化室/真空紫外老化试验箱/机械式跌落试验台/电脑控制振动台/温湿度振动三综合试验机/温度快速变化试验箱

The results showed that, all the treatments can shorten the time of epicotyl germination of 'Fengdan', the 28 days chilling treatment was the shortest, and the next was 21 days chilling treatment and 300 mg/L GA3 treatment; in a certain range of GA3 concentrations, higher concentrations, higher seed germination index and germination rate in 'Fengdan'; the seed germination index and germination rate of 'Fengdan' after different time chilling treatments were higher than the control, in which, the treatment of 21 days chilling had the highest germination index and germination rate.

研究了不同时间的低温(4℃)处理及不同浓度的GA3处理对凤丹种子上胚轴萌发及幼苗生长的影响，结果表明：所有处理均能缩短凤丹种子上胚轴萌发时间，以低温28天处理初萌期最短，其次是低温21天和300mg/L GA3处理；在一定的GA3浓度范围内，浓度越高，凤丹种子发芽指数与发芽率越高；不同时间低温处理后凤丹种子发芽指数与发芽率均高于时照，其中低温21天处理是所有处理中发芽指数与发芽率最高的。

The main results are shown as follows:1.Screening freezing tolerant cultivars and lines of chrysanthemumTwenty seven lines of chrysanthemum grown outdoors were screened using \'injury rate\' and \'injury index\'.There were 7 cultivars and lines,which were relatively high tolerant to freezing treatment,i.e.,\'Jinbuhuan\',\'Xuetao\',\'Fuli\',\'Donglin 4\',\'Donglin 6\',\'Donglin 9\', and \'Donglin 13\'.There were 3 cultivars and lines,which were less tolerant,i.e.,\'Fenmeigui\', \'Donglin 1\',and \'Donglin 2\';The determination of electrolyte leakage,and contents of free proline,MDA,CAT,fructose,glucose and soluble sugars on 7 lines of chrysanthemums at different stages freezing showed that \'Xuetao\' and \'Donglin 4\' were more tolerant than others, and that especially \'Donglin 4\' was able to regulate its osmotic pathway to alleviate the \'injury degree\' caused by freezing conditions.2.Protein expression profile of chrysanthemum under low temperature stressTwo-dimensional liquid chromatography was applied to fractionate and analyze total protein taken from \'Donglin 4\' leaves grown at low temperature and at normal condition. Chromatography peaks of fraction were transformed to gel graph by ProteoVue software.

主要研究结果如下：1、露地菊抗冻品种和品系的筛选利用受伤率和伤害指数两项指标对27个露地菊品系进行耐低温筛选，筛选出'金不换\'、'雪涛\'、'富丽\'、'东林4号\'、'东林6号\'、'东林9号\'、'东林13号\'等7个耐低温品系，同时发现'粉玫瑰\'、'东林1号\'、'东林2号\'三个品系的耐低温能力最差；通过对不同自然低温处理时期，7个品系的电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性糖等指标的测定发现，'雪涛\'和'东林4号\'的耐低温能力要强于其它品系，尤其是'东林4号\'对低温的调节能力较强，在低温胁迫下，能够调节渗透途径减轻低温的伤害。2、低温胁迫下，露地菊蛋白质表达谱分析利用二维液相色谱技术，分离了'东林4号\'露地菊品系的低温处理和对照样品的总蛋白，通过ProteoVue软件分析发现：处理样品与对照相比共有蛋白差异点36个，其中显著增强表达的蛋白差异点有26个。

The study wanted to make clear the index of freeze injury to Lichi. Low temperature data of Fujian province recent years and now, information about freeze injury of lichi in survey and literature were gathered, refering to photo and corresponding low temperature data about five county in winter in 1999 that provided by guangxi research institute of meteorological disaster mitigation; by statistic methods dealing with above information gave the result on the extreme low temperature data gathering by thermometer screen and the freeze injury grade of lichi; correlation analysis on data of freeze injury and the extreme low temperature indicated that the temperature of no freeze injury and slight freeze injury and moderate freeze injury and serious freeze injury and most serious freeze injury is respectively -0.3℃ and -1.9℃ and -3.1℃ and -3.8℃ and -4.1℃; Difference of teperature between every freeze injury grade of lichi turned to disappear when grade increased.

为了弄清给荔枝树造成损害程度低温指标，收集了福建省近几年冬季考察的低温资料、荔枝树低温冻害调查资料和有关参考文献中记载的荔枝树冻害资料、同期的低温资料，参考广西壮族自治区气象减灾研究所1999—2000冬季5个县荔枝树冻害的照片资料和相对应的低温资料；经统计处理整理成同时同地荔枝树的冻害级别与百叶箱中的最低气温资料；据荔枝树的冻害资料和最低气温资料进行相关统计分析，经相关分析表明：它们可以用一元二次方程进行拟合；荔枝树的无冻害、轻冻害、中冻害、重冻害、严重冻害的最低气温分别为-0.3℃、-1.9℃、-3.1℃、-3.8℃、-4.1℃；荔枝树各个冻害级别之间温差随着冻害级别的提高而缩小。

There was a little difference betweenphotosynthesis characteristic of the two varieties,response of Jiamusi to low temperature andpoor light was more sensitive than that of Longjiao No.2 and decreased pronouncedly withdecreasing light.6.EC and MDA of pepper leaves increased under low temperature and poor light,therewere no significant differences between them with decreasing light at 21-23℃/8-10℃,butthey were increased dramatically at 15-20℃/5-6℃.So we can speculate that lowertemperature was the direct reason resulted in cell membrane lipid peroxidation.7.No significant difference of SOD activity was observed under suboptimal temperatureand poor light21-23℃/8-10℃;150μmol·m~(-2·s~(-1),but SOD and POD activity substantiallydeclined with lowering temperature and light as well as treatment time.8.Under suboptimal temperature and lower light,proline accumulated to increaseosmotic regulation capacity and alleviate chilling damage.Soluble carbohydrate of pepper leaves decreased progressively and significantly with decreasing temperature and lightintensity as well as longer treatment time.So we think that synthesis and transport ofphotosynthetic product were inhibited by low temperature and poor light as solublecarbohydrate was important component of photosynthetic product.

两个供试辣椒品种之间的光合特性略有差异，佳木斯对低温弱光的反应比陇椒2号敏感，尤其随光照降低，其光合作用显著降低。6、低温弱光胁迫下，辣椒叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量都有不同程度的提高，在偏低温下，随着光照减弱，相对电导率和丙二醛含量差异不显著；在极端低温下，随着光照进一步减弱，相对电导率和丙二醛含量明显提高，随着处理时间延长，同一温度下，随着光照降低，叶片丙二醛含量也显著增加，由此可初步判断，低温是导致细胞膜脂过氧化的直接原因。7、经偏低温较弱光21～23℃／8～10℃、150μmol·m~(-2·s~(-1)处理后，辣椒叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性变化与对照无显著差异，但随着温度、光强的逐步降低和处理时间的延长，SOD、POD活性显著降低。8、在偏低温较弱光下，辣椒能积累更多的脯氨酸，增强渗透调节，减轻低温冷害。

For the benefit of practical project, 0℃ apparent viscosity, which was employed to appraising low-temperature flowability of asphalt, and viscosity-temperature index, which was employed to appraising temperature susceptibility of asphalt, were put forward. By comparing with practical conditions of various asphalt which is produced in various place and is made through various craft, by comparing with SHRP and other evaluated method of asphalt and by comparing with the property of asphalt mixture, the exactness and susceptiveness of 0℃ apparent viscosity and viscosity-temperature index was verified.

为了工程实际的应用，提出了采用0℃表观粘度评价沥青低温流动性和粘温指数评价沥青的感温性的指标，并通过与多种不同产源、不同炼制工艺的沥青实际使用情况相比较、与美国SHRP计划和我国"八五"攻关推荐的沥青低温评价方法、沥青其他低温评价方法以及沥青混合料的低温性能相比较，证明了0℃表观粘度和粘温指数在评价沥青低温性能时的准确性和敏感性。

In this thesis, by the means of calefactive oxidation test of coal samples, the characteristics of different samples spontaneous combustion are analyzed; the infrared spectrum is assimilated to review the rule that coal function corps change in the process of coal low-temperature oxidation ; by the means of thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimeter, the kinetic function of coal low-temperature oxidation in spontaneous combustion process are analyzed , depend on the device, the mathematical model of coal spontaneous combustion is developed, the model are dealt with, Finally, the temperature field and the velocity field with velocity of the entry flow is got.

论文通过煤的低温氧化和自燃过程，实验研究了煤的低温氧化气体产物特征和变化规律，研究得出了煤的低温氧化过程中气体生成量与氧气消耗量与煤温之间的指数关系式；在煤的低温自热氧化过程中，对煤的官能团等化学结构的变化研究，揭示了煤炭低温自热氧化化学基团变化规律；采用非等温TG和DSC法研究了烟煤低温氧化动力学，得出了煤低温氧化分布活化能及煤低温氧化机理函数的变化规律；建立了煤低温氧化自热数学模型，并对该模型进行数值解算，可得煤样的温度场与速度场随入口风量变化情况。

In the energy-utilization analysis stage, based on the improved shiftwork targeting method, the top-level analysis of lowtemperature process system and the overall energy integration strategy of lowtemperature separation process are used to analyze, diagnose and improve the energy-utilization of low-temperature process system, specially the lowtemperature separation system.

在用能分析阶段，结合低温过程系统顶层分析方法和低温分离过程系统整体能量集成策略，以减少冷冻系统轴功为目标，并辅以经济性分析，侧重于低温分离过程系统的能量集成进行低温过程系统用能的分析、诊断和调优；在复合式方法的用能优化阶段，则根据用能分析阶段所得调优结果，采用分层—逐级式低温换热网络与冷冻系统集成优化方法，以换热网络与冷冻系统总费用最小为优化目标，对低温换热网络与冷冻系统进行集成优化。

The results showed that as low temperature became intensified and prolonged, the leaves of pepper seedling presented increased POD activity, decreaseds SOD and CAT activities, increased MDA content and increased plasm-membrane permeability; the critical temperature (15℃/8℃) showed stronger effects on pepper plants than the lower temperature (19℃/12℃); under the lower temperature, the weak light of 90μmolm^(-2)s(-1) could make the POD activity increase much more, but reduce the decrements of the SOD and CAT activities, and the increments of the MDA content and plasm-membrane permeability, and under the critical temperature (15℃/8℃), an opposite situation occurred.

结果表明：随着低温弱光胁迫程度和时间的增加，辣椒幼苗叶片中POD活性提高，但SOD和CAT活性下降，MDA含量增加，细胞膜透性增大；就温度而言，临界低温(15℃/8℃)比偏低温(19℃/12℃)对植株的影响更为显著；在偏低温(19℃/12℃)下，弱光90μmolm^(-2)s(-1)使POD活性上升更大，而SOD和CAT活性的下降、MDA含量的增加和细胞膜透性的增大更小，而在临界低温(15℃/8℃)下则相反；陇椒2号耐低温弱光能力强，各项指标均优于七寸红。

The six cucumber materials with different low temperature tolerance were selected to be cultured in the artificial lighting incubator for 14 d under day temperature of 12 ℃,night temperature of 8 ℃,light of 8 h,light intensity of 30 μmol/(m2·s)(about 2 000 lx)and the abscisic acid,the growth hormone and the gibberellic acid(GA3) of cucumber leaves were ...

结果各黄瓜材料叶片中ABA和GA3含量均有不同程度增加，耐低温性材料越强，其增加的幅度越大，而叶片中IAA含量变化则不同，其中耐低温较强的材料增加的幅度较大，而耐低温较弱的材料有所降低，耐低温性中等的材料略有增加。内源激素含量与耐低温性的关系密切，可作为黄瓜耐低温性的间接鉴定指标之一。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。