位

The speed of a computer is affected by the number of bits it can process at once. For example, a 32- bit computer can perform arithmetic and manipulations on 32-bit numbers, whereas a 16-bit computer must break large numbers into 16-bit quantities, making it slower.

电脑的运算速度会受到它一次可以处理位元多寡的影响，例如32 位元电脑一次可以进行32 位元的运算，而16 位元的电脑因为每次只能进行16 位元的运算，所以它必须将比较大的数打散成16 位元的量，所以这样会造成速度变慢。

Based on theanalysis of topology structure of parallel mechanisms and using differential topology anddifferential manifolds as mathematical tools, we propose a new classification method. Thismethod classifies singularities of parallel mechanisms into two basic types, i.e. topologysingularity and parameterization singularity. This kind of classification has clear physical andmathematical meaning and fully reveals the characteristic of configuration space of parallelmechanisms.

采用微分拓扑和微分流形等现代数学工具，在对并联机构位形空间的拓扑结构进行分析的基础上，提出了一种新的奇异位形的分类方法，即把奇异位形分为拓扑奇异位形、参数化奇异位形两种类型，这种分类方法充分体现了并联机构位形空间的特点，具有十分明确的物理和数学意义。

In odd-parity systems, the parity bit makes the number of 1-bits in a byte to be an odd number; using even parity, the number of 1-bits is an even number.

奇数同位的电脑系统会强迫将位元组内之位元1的个数加上同位位元的个数设为奇数，偶数同位的电脑系统则是将其设为偶数

Six SNPs, which were C→T at the sites of 26, 54 and 99, A→G at the sites of 47and 68, and G→A at the site of 63 in the intron 8 of PRLR gene, were detected by cloning, sequencing and homologous comparison of the homozygote AA, BB and CC.

对AA、BB、CC三种纯合子进行克隆测序和同源序列比较，发现在扩增片段内有6处SNP，都发生在PRLR基因的第8内含子，分别是内含子8第26位、54位和99位的C→T突变，47位和68位的A→G突变，63位的G→A突变。

By taking cotton fiber in high yield cotton field of north Xinjiang as the object, the niche-fitness theory were introduced, through analysis the niche-fitness of cotton fiber in three mono-topping and multi-topping intercrop system treatment, the result showed, it is acceptable that evaluate cotton fiber quality by niche-fitness, the niche-fitness value of cotton fiber at the middle part of the cotton plant is the biggest that topping inJul.10th and Jul.25th in this three treatment, moreover, with the increase of topping times, compare with it's top part of cotton plant, the niche-fitness of cotton fiber at the low part of cotton plant have a raise tendency, the niche-fitness value of top and low part of cotton plant in multi-topping treatment is bigger than what of mono-topping.

以北疆高产棉田棉纤维作为研究对象，引入生态位适宜度理论，对三个打顶次数不同的处理的棉花群体棉纤维生态位适宜度进行分析研究，结果表明：用生态位适宜度来评价棉纤维品质是切实可行的，三个打顶处理中7月10日和7月25日打顶棉株棉纤维生态位适宜度均为中部最高，并且随着棉花群体打顶次数的增加，其下部棉纤维生态位适宜度较上部有逐渐增高的趋势，与一次打顶相比较，其二、三次打顶棉株上、下部棉纤维生态位适宜度均升高。

We improve the protocol for signing contract based on the research result of secure multiparty computation. In this protocol, the parties obliviously transfer the signed bit and the committed bit; the other parties can prove the validity of this bit based on the confirming sub-protocol, but he can't gain more information about the whole signature by accumulating the more signed bit or the committed bit. After the parties exchange the whole signed information, they declare the commitment about the signature respectively, and gain the whole signature of the other party. At this moment, the party doesn't care about the advance quit of the other party, because he has gained the whole signed information.

在协议执行过程中，参与者将合同的签名位以及他对签名位的承诺不经意传输给对方，对方可以利用验证子协议证明该位的有效性，但是他却不能通过位交换次数的增加获取更多的完整签名的信息；在完成签名位的交换之后，参与者分别公开承诺，并得到对方对合同的完整签名；在公开承诺时，协议参与者已经获得全部的签名内容，要么是签名位，要么是对方对该位的承诺，因此参与者并不需要担心对方提前终止协议，同时本文也利用多方安全计算的结论证明了该协议满足终止公平性。

If two parties want to sign a contract C over a communication network, they must "simultaneously" exchange their commitments to C Since simultaneous exchange is usually impossible in practice, protocols are needed to approximate simultaneity by exchange partial commitments in a piece by piece manner The party of secondly sending commitments may have a slight advantage; a "fair" protocol must keep this advantage within acceptable limits The protocol for signing a contract is improved based on the research result of secure multiparty computation In this protocol, the parties obliviously transfer the signed bit and the committed bit; the other parties can prove the validity of this bit based on the confirming sub protocol, but he can't gain more information about the whole signature by accumulating the signed bit or the committed bit After the parties exchange the whole signed information, they declare the commitment about the signature respectively, and gain the whole signature of the other party At this moment, the party doesn't care about the advance quit of the other party, because he has gained the whole signed information Finally, it is proved that this protocol is quit fairness

作者中文名：曲亚东；侯紫峰；韦卫摘要：在网络环境中解决合同签订问题需要保证信息交换的同时性，以前提出的协议都会给第2个发送者部分计算特权，利用不经意传输协议则可以解决这个问题。在协议执行过程中，参与者将合同的签名位以及他对签名位的承诺不经意传输给对方，对方可以利用验证子协议证明该位的有效性，但是他却不能通过位交换次数的增加获取更多的完整签名的信息；在完成签名位的交换之后，参与者分别宣布承诺，并得到对方对合同的完整签名；在宣布承诺时，协议参与者已经获得全部的签名内容，要么是签名位，要么是对方对该位的承诺，因此参与者并不需要担心对方提前终止协议。在文章的最后利用多方安全计算的结论证明了该协议满足终止公平性。

If two parties want to sign a contract C over a communication network, they must "simultaneously" exchange their commitments to C Since simultaneous exchange is usually impossible in practice, protocols are needed to approximate simultaneity by exchange partial commitments in a piece by piece manner The party of secondly sending commitments may have a slight advantage; a "fair" protocol must keep this advantage within acceptable limits The protocol for signing a contract is improved based on the research result of secure multiparty computation In this protocol, the parties obliviously transfer the signed bit and the committed bit; the other parties can prove the validity of this bit based on the confirming sub protocol, but he cant gain more information about the whole signature by accumulating the signed bit or the committed bit After the parties exchange the whole signed information, they declare the commitment about the signature respectively, and gain the whole signature of the other party At this moment, the party doesnt care about the advance quit of the other party, because he has gained the whole signed information Finally, it is proved that this protocol is quit fairness

在网络环境中解决合同签订问题需要保证信息交换的同时性，以前提出的协议都会给第 2个发送者部分计算特权，利用不经意传输协议则可以解决这个问题在协议执行过程中，参与者将合同的签名位以及他对签名位的承诺不经意传输给对方，对方可以利用验证子协议证明该位的有效性，但是他却不能通过位交换次数的增加获取更多的完整签名的信息；在完成签名位的交换之后，参与者分别宣布承诺，并得到对方对合同的完整签名；在宣布承诺时，协议参与者已经获得全部的签名内容，要么是签名位，要么是对方对该位的承诺，因此参与者并不需要担心对方提前终止协议在文章的最后利用多方安全计算的结论证明了该协议满足终止公平性1 引言两个参与者A和B想要通过网络协商签订合同C 为了保证公平性，参与者必须同时交换自己对合同的签名，然而在实际的网络环境中，想要完全同时地交换对合同的签名是不可能的，他们必须将签名分成若干块依次地执行，以保证大致的同时性但是这种方法依然存在着问题

The reactions of several phenols and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-substituted piperidine oxoammonium salt have been studied. It was found that these oxoammonium salts are new facile reagents for phenolic coupling.

应用2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶氧铵盐实现了酚类的氧化偶联反应：对位取代的酚类底物得到邻位-邻位偶联产物；2，6-二取代的酚类底物得到对位-对位偶联产物；2，4，6-三取代的阻碍酚类底物得到苄位氧化偶联产物。

Research on the Design Method for Restrainers Based on the factors effected the usage of restrainers, the design methods for the restrainers in use are analyzed, and a new design method is put forward based on response spectrum method. The method is tested with time history analysis. According to the design idea of unseating prevention devices, the static-based approach for restrainer devices is suggested.

5限位器设计方法研究在了解和分析影响限位器作用效果的各种因素的基础上，对现有限位器设计方法的优劣进行对比，提出了基于反应谱法的应用范围更广泛的限位器的实际计算方法，并采用非线性动力时程分析对计算结果进行了验证；参照连梁装置的设计思想，提出了常用的锚固限位器和限位挡块的静力设计方法。

In this section we look at the theory behind the techniques used in rotary polishing and the effects that they have on paintwork and the results achieved.

在这里看抛光剂使用背后的理论，到底是怎么一回事，我们如何用好的抛光机和好的使用技巧来达到好的效果。

I'll dig like a psychotic rodent if I have to.

那我就帮你挖到中国去。