伴随函数

Data assimilation ; adjoint method ; cost function ; Lagrange function

资料同化；伴随方法；目标函数；拉格朗日函数

The new method is a combination of characteristic approximation to handle the convection part, to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion, a smaller time truncation is gained at the same time, and a mixed finite elementspatial approximation to deal with the diffusion part, the sealer unknown and the adjoint vector function are approximated optimally and simultaneously.

此方法即为对方程的对流项沿流体流动的方向即特征方向进行离散，从而保证格式在流动锋线前沿逼近的高稳定性，消除了数值弥散现象，并得到了较小的时间截断误差；另一方面，对方程的扩散项采用混合元离散，可同时高精度逼近未知函数及其伴随向量函数，理论分析表明，此方法是稳定的，具有最优的L~2逼近精度。

For both Gram-Schmidt method and adjoint matrix method of MTS, multicollinearity is solved by improving Mahalanobis distance function.

不管是马氏田口的施密特正交化法，还是伴随矩阵法，都是通过改进马氏距离函数来解决强相关问题。

The sensitivity gradient can be calculated in a very cheap way through an adjoint system,which makes it a huge advantage in reducing cost.

基于控制理论的气动设计方法作为一种基于梯度的优化方法，通过引入伴随系统计算目标函数的敏感性导数，大大降低设计成本。

To obtain current-mode biquadratic filter with high accuracy, a voltage-mode second order universal filter based on two VFA's was transformed into a current-mode biquadratic filter-based on two AOA's by means of the concept of adjoint network.

为获得高精度电流模式双二次滤波器，以双VFA电压模式二阶通用滤波器为原型，用伴随网络的概念设计出AOA电流模式双二次滤波函数的新电路。

Based on the properties of the saturation function, it was proved that the stability region of such dynamical systems can be decomposed into Cartesian product of an invariant set of their adjoint systems and a sufficiently large ball.

结合饱和函数的特殊性质，证明了此类系统的稳定域可分解为伴随系统的不变集与一个足够大球体的笛卡尔积。

Compared with the discrete distribution, we defined a comparison function for continuous distribution, and pointed out the relationship between the discrete distribution and continuous distribution.

仿照离散分布，定义了连续分布的比较函数，并沟通了离散和连续分布的伴随关系。

When wepossess information about the values of a Copula at points in its domain of definition,the bounds can often be narrowed.

本文证明了由Copula及其生存、对偶和伴随Copula组成的集合在函数的复合运算下构成了Klein四元群，求解了群中元素的界以及它们在某个点处的函数值给定时的界。

The basic principle and the action of accompanied probability in iteration function system are introduced.

介绍了迭代函数系统的基本理论以及伴随概率在迭代函数系统中的作用。

The results of numerical experiments, using the four-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5, show that: the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the "on-off" switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first-order information to the NLM perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure; switching on and off at every other time step in the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme don"t impact the convergence rate of cost function; the existence of the switches don"t impact improvement to the MM5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity ,but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model.

非静力中尺度数值模式MM5的四维变分资料同化系统进行的数值试验结果表明："开关"变量保持与基态一致，所构造的切向线性模式能够提供关于非线性模式扰动的一阶近似，伴随模式所计算的梯度值能够为最小化过程提供较好的下降方向；郭氏降水参数化方案中对流每隔一个积分步的交替发生并不影响目标函数最小化的收敛速度；"开关"变量的存在也不影响将风、温度、气压和比湿结合起来同化对MM5降水预报准确性的提高。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。