伴生种

The sixteen plants are firstly divided into six types according to evaluation grades and subject function statistical method:the first type is Cajanus cajan and Crotalaria mucronata,the best adaptability ,which can be used pioneer plant or constructive species; the second type is Cynodon dactylon,the better adaptability, which can be used constructive species ;the third type is Eragrostis curvula, Paspalam notatum,which can be used constructive species on rotten rock slope ; the forth type is kummerowia striata,Lotus corniculatus and Vitex negundo.The adaptability is centered,and can be used protection species and auxiliary species;the fifth type is Robinia pseudoacacia,Eremochloa ophiuroides,Vitex negundo,Lespedeza formosa,Leucaena leucocephala,Desmodium sequax, Rhus chinne- nsis,which can't be plant singly and be used accessory species;the sixth is Trifolium repens,which can be used pioneer plant.

根据评价边坡防护植物适应性的十个重要指标，首次运用隶属函数和聚类分析方法，对各供试植物的边坡适应性综合排序并分为六类：第一类为木豆和猪屎豆，边坡适应性最强，适宜作为先锋植物和建群种；第二类为狗牙根，边坡适应性强，适宜与豆科植物混播，作为建群种；第三类为弯叶画眉草和百喜草，边坡适应性较强，适宜与豆科植物混播，作为风化岩边坡的建群种；第四类为鸡眼草、百脉根和马棘，边坡适应性中等，适宜作为保护种与伴生种；第五类为刺槐、假俭草、荆条、美丽胡枝子、银合欢、波叶山蚂蝗和盐肤木，边坡适应性较差，不宜单独在边坡上种植，最好与速生型豆科草本混播，作为边坡防护植物群落的辅助植物；第六类为白三叶，边坡适应性最差，但因其出苗率高、生长速度快，作为先锋植物，起到前期覆盖坡面的作用。

Result showed that wild Styrax resources in Henan had 6 species,4 species of which were endemic to China.They were all community companion species distributed in southern mountainous areas of Henan.Styrax had characteristics such as drought tolerance,cold tolerance and strong seed viability.

研究结果表明：河南野生安息香属有6种植物，其中4种为中国特有种；经种群数量特征量化分析，属于群落伴生种；大多分布于豫南山区杂木林中，具有耐土壤干旱、耐寒、种子萌发力强等特点。

The P.pratensis community is in the phase of herbs and forbs of degraded alpine meadow.At the same time the P.pratensis population is in the dominant spices position,subordinate spices position and company spices position.So,we can replant P.pratensis and other grass seed to change the structure and composition of plant community,improve community environment,cause it to develop to subclimax community succession,reach the stabler state.We can apply fertilizer,improve soil nutrition condition,enable degraded grassland with the link of soil and vegetation system together to reach the stabler subclimax and climax state.

草地早熟禾群落处于高寒草甸退化的禾草杂类草阶段，草地早熟禾种群在群落中处于优势种地位、次优势种地位和伴生种地位，因此，可通过补播草地早熟禾和其他禾草草种，改变植物群落结构和组成，改善群落环境，使其向亚顶级群落演替，达到较稳定的状态；也可通过撒施肥料，改善土壤养分状况，使土壤与植被系统共同作用将退化草地演替为较稳定的亚顶级或顶级状态。

Formerly cautious to the point of being uncommunicative, my companions had changed out of recognition.

恒有伴生种加特征种构成群丛或更高级分类单位的"特征种组合"。

The plant community composition changed and the community coverage increased over the wetland succession from primary swamp, through swampy meadow, to meadow. The number of associated species increased, while the dominant species abundances decreased. Through succession, the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen declined. In contrast, the soil enzyme activity of catalase, protease and invertase increased; however urase declined.

随着湿地原生沼泽向沼泽化草甸、草甸的演替，湿地植物群落盖度增加、物种组成增多，群落优势种优势度减小，伴生种数量增加，植物多样性呈增加趋势；湿地土壤有机质、全氮含量不断减少，过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶活性增加，脲酶活性降低。

The result indicated that: with the change of ecological factors and intensification of human activities,strong stability of grassland community structure of the local alpine meadow type along the highway in this region was found,proportion of medium xerophilous、rhizomous grass increased;alpine grassland community had relatively low stability,grassland community successed naturally to adapt to the new environment;...

结果显示：随着生态因子发生变化和人类活动的加剧，该区公路沿线高寒草甸类草地群落结构表现出了较强的稳定性，中旱生耐旱的根茎型禾草比重有所增加；高寒草原植物群落稳定性相对较差，草地群落为适应新的生境而发生了自然演替；沼泽化草甸亚类草地植物群落中群落伴生种的种类增加，优势种嵩草属植物在群落中的比重有所下降。

According to the life form of species and their roles in communities, 6 species groups are used to do ordination analysis and environmental interpretation. The result suggests that:①Despite the strong man-made disturbance at lower altitude sites, the number and character of evergreen species show an change along the altitude gradient.②The rare and endangered species concentrated at two sectors along altitude gradient, corresponding to the upper and lower borders of the mountain mixed forest belt of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species.③The pioneer tree species concentrated on the middle and upper positions at lower elevation.④The deciduous accompany tree species show a great diversity on middle and lower position at middle and higher elevation.⑤Coniferous species differentiate along elevation and local topographical gradient.⑥Deciduous species in Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Carpinus genus as well as coniferous species play primary community-constructing roles at different topographical position at Dalaoling region.

根据物种生活型及其在植物群落中的地位，分6个种组进行排序和环境解释，表明：①尽管低海拔地段受到强烈人为干扰，常绿种类仍显示了数量和性质沿海拔梯度的变化；②珍稀物种在海拔梯度上形成两个相对集中的区段，大致对应于山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的上下边缘；③先锋树种在中低海拔的中上坡位富集；④在中、高海拔的中低坡位，落叶的乔木伴生种显示了极大的多样性；⑤为数不多的针叶树种在海拔和局部地形梯度上也有明确分异；⑥它们和落叶的栎、栗、水青冈、鹅耳枥属物种在大老岭地区不同地形部位的植被中起着主要的建群作用。

It's shown that Carex stenocarpa, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia capillifolia and Festuca ovina's niche breadth are wider; Potentilla sp., Polygonum viviparum, Geranium pratense and others' niche breadth are more narrow. The former belong to extensive species, it is high in adapting to soil acid and salification, the latter belong to equilibrium species, it's adaptability is weaker than the former.

结果表明，细果苔草、珠芽寥、线叶嵩草、羊茅等建群种和优势种的生态位最宽，适应土壤酸碱和盐渍化能力强，为泛化种；委陵菜、千叶蓍、草原老鹤草等伴生种生态位窄，适应酸碱和盐渍化能力弱，为特化种。

Among 10 sampling plots selected,only Sophora alopecuroides, a plant with strong drought resistance grown on the top of the dune,only two accompanying species,such as Salsola ruthenica and Leymus secalinus occurred.

选择的10块样地中，只有耐旱能力很强的苦豆子生长在含水量较少的沙丘项部，主要伴生种只有沙蓬和赖草，赖草、沙蒿、猫头刺和柠条6块样地均分布在水分条件相对较好的沙平地，主要伴生种有10种。

The results show that the construction of the railway has an obvious effect on the warm steppe,but the characteristics of community,such as the coverage,ecological dominance and species richness of communities have been improved after its natural restoration,and some species,such as Elymus nutans,Aconitum gymnandrum and Thermopsis lanceolata,play an important role in the restoration communities.An assistant measure taken by human beings will benefit to the restoration.There is no any evidence of exotic invading plants in the restoration of the warm steppe in the study area.

结果显示，青藏铁路修筑过程对铁路两侧一定区域的温性草原有较大影响，但随着受影响区域植被的自然恢复，群落盖度、生态优势度和物种多样性等反应群落特征的指标都有一定程度的改善，一些在原生植被中很少出现或伴生种在恢复后的群落中有可能成为群落的优势种或建群种，如露蕊乌头和鹅绒委陵菜等；人为辅助措施将有利于受损植被的恢复；修筑铁路过程中受到影响的温性草原其恢复过程中尚未出现外来入侵植物。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失