估计理论

A unified linear fusion model for information fusion estimation is proposed,and it can describe varied information including measuring information,apriority information,forecasting data and estimation information,and it lays a foundation for the theory frame of information fusion estimation.

提出信息融合估计的统一线性融合模型，使测量信息、先验信息、预测信息以及状态估计信息等均可用统一融合模型进行描述，为建立信息融合估计的理论框架奠定了基础。

The thesis analyzes the methods for parameter estimation of distributed sources in detail, and low complexity estimators, comes up with RELAX in parameter estimation and robust method of high resolution parameter estimators for distributed sources, and gives theory analysis and simulation results. The main work is:1 This text gives a study of the signal models of two kinds of distributed sources: coherent distributed sources and incoherent distributed sources, analyzes eigenvalue distribution of correlation matrix.2 Systematically introduced parameter estimation of distributed sources on the base of models, including the maximum likelihood estimate, least squares estimator, DSPE, DISPARE, etc.

论文详细分析了已有分布式目标参数估计方法及低复杂度的参数估计方法，提出了分布式目标参数估计的RELAX算法和具有稳健性的分布式目标高分辨估计方法，并给出了相应的理论分析和仿真实验结果。

After studying the theory of combined signal processing with acoustic pressure and particle velocity, a method of direction estimation underwater, which is based on intensity measurement using an acoustic vector sensor, is presented. In the low frequency field with kinds of line-spectra, azimuth angle estimation is achieved based on the probability density statistics and bar graph approach. It can preferably resolve the problem of left/right bearing resolution and estimate the direction of space.

为了对水下目标进行定位，基于声压与振速联合信号处理的理论，研究了复声强法对水下目标信号的定向技术，并使用概率统计和直方图的理论对目标的方位角和俯仰角值进行了估计，在线谱分量存在的低频段对估计角度进行了概率统计，较好地解决了左右舷的分辨问题，实现目标的全空间无模糊定向。

It compares two different estimation methods,"two step subsample bootstrap" based on moment estimation and Maximum Likelihood Estimation, according to their theoretical basis and computation procedures.

讨论了根据极值理论计算受险价值的两类不同的方法：基于矩估计的"两次子样试算法"和极大似然估计法，并给出了各自理论推导过程和计算步骤。

It compares two different estimation methods," two step subsample bootstrap" based on moment estimation and Maximum L ikelihood Estimation , according to their theoretical basis and computation procedures.

讨论了根据极值理论计算受险价值的两类不同的方法：基于矩估计的"两次子样试算法"和极大似然估计法，并给出了各自理论推导过程和计算步骤。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by Brewer, Durbin, Sampford , Des Raj , Murthy , Rao-Hartley-Cochran. Then, at the basis of Rao and Bayless's study , we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super-populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above.

本文首先从理论上介绍了若干种不等概率抽样方法，它们的估计量、估计量的方差及其估计，其中包括有放回PPZ及PPS抽样，不放回不等概率抽样中的Brewer、Durbin、Sampford、Des Raj，Murthy、Rao-Hartley-Cochran等人的方法；其次，在Rao和Bayless两人就样本单元数n=2的情形对上述抽样方法进行比较的基础上，将总体随机地分成两个子总体，视每个子总体取自不同的线性超总体，在文中，我们利用计算机实现随机分组，并通过画图比较各方法估计量的稳定性，结果表明，对变异系数C.V。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by Brewer, Durbin, Sampford , Des Raj , Murthy , Rao-Hartley-Cochran.Then, at the basis of Rao and Baylesss study , we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super-populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above.

本文首先从理论上介绍了若干种不等概率抽样方法，它们的估计量、估计量的方差及其估计，其中包括有放回PPZ及PPS抽样，不放回不等概率抽样中的Brewer、Durbin、Sampford、Des Raj，Murthy、Rao-Hartley-Cochran等人的方法；其次，在Rao和Bayless两人就样本单元数n=2的情形对上述抽样方法进行比较的基础上，将总体随机地分成两个子总体，视每个子总体取自不同的线性超总体，在文中，我们利用计算机实现随机分组，并通过画图比较各方法估计量的稳定性，结果表明，对变异系数C.V。

According to the fact that the otolith system is overcritically damped and the max- imum displacement of the otolith,δ〓 is independent of the dynamics, the upper limit of the Young's module of the gel layer and the estimated value of the dimensionless parameter εwere given,〓 which provided the theoretical basis for the experimental method and the theoret- ical analysis.

根据耳石层运动高度过阻尼而且最大位移〓与运动模式无关的事实，理论上给出了胶质层的Young's模量的上界估计表达式以及无量纲参数ε的参数估计式为〓从而为实验测量方法和理论分析提供了理论依据。

By continuous working for 60 years, the Chinese geodesists have developed the quasi-stable adjustment principle, robust estimation based on equivalent weight principle, robust estimation for correlated observations, adaptively robust filters etc.

中国学者经过60年不懈努力，在自由网平差、拟稳平差、半参数估计、不适定问题解算方法、抗差估计、自适应滤波等领域做出了重要贡献，建立了许多新的理论、模型和方法，推进了大地测量数据处理理论的进展。

Breakeven Point and Sensitivity analysis were revised to make the risk evaluation properly and scientifically. The evaluations of the probability analysis of random risks were analyzed in the way of the theoretical probability and Monte Carlo simulation. And the application of gray prediction can make up the lack of data. 5. For the risk assessment of the real estate investment, the fuzzy math and the gray cluster were applied to reduce the influence of the subjective factors in the risk measurement.

对于房地产投资风险的估计则主要是针对随机风险进行概率研究，首先对目前常用的BP分析和敏感性分析进行改良，进一步降低风险估计的确定性成分；其次对随机风险的估计进行了研究，结合案例探讨了理论概率分析和蒙特卡罗模拟方法在分析中的应用；并且将灰色预测应用于风险估计，弥补我国房地产业发展时间短、数据不完整的缺点。

So that more consumers can enjoy more delicious quality, technology is even better than wine.

让更多的消费者可以品尝到品质更为鲜美，工艺更为精湛的葡萄酒。

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