估计

We discuss asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of the Logistic population based on selected order statistics and give the formula of computing the ABLUE, the variance and the covariance of the ABLUE in limit, and properties of the ABLUE, and so on. We give the optimum chosen of spacing which is the ABLUE with maximum asymptotic relative efficiency based on complete sample when selected order statistics number is less than 10, and obtain its maximum asymptotic relative efficiency.

讨论基于Logistic总体Ⅱ型截尾样本的若干个样本分位数的总体分布参数的近似最佳线性无偏估计；给出了该近似最佳线性无偏估计的计算公式，估计方差与协方差的极限表达式及估计量的大样本性质等；给出了全样本，样本分位点个数固定，但不超过10情形下，使上述近似最佳线性无偏估计有最大相对联合估计效率时，样本分位数选取法及最大相对联合估计效率；为大样本情形下，该近似最佳线性无偏估计的应用提供了理论依据。

In this paper, three robust estimators: robust best invariant quadratic unbiased estimator, robust minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator and robust Helmert estimator have been designed. Finally, this paper states that these three classical estimators are particular cases of the RBIQUE.

导出了稳健最优不变二次无偏估计、稳健最小范数二次无偏估计、稳健Helmert估计，并说明了最优不变二次无偏估计、最小范数二次无偏估计以及Helmert估计等均是稳健最优不变二次无偏估计的特例。

We first state general linear model, ridge-type estimator and general ridge-type estimator, and the constraint biased estimator. And then, we introduce some basic theory about matrix and some conclusion about the admissibility of estimator in Gauss-Markov model. In the third chapter, we discussion several equivalent characterization of the best linear unbiased estimation, we proved that admissible characterization of admissible of linear estimation is as conditional general ridge-type estimation in general linear model. A necessary and sufficient condition that homogeneous linear estimator is admissible estimator is obtained.

本文首先概述了一般线性模型，岭估计及约束岭估计的发展历史和研究现状，在第二章介绍了矩阵的一些基本知识和可容许性的一些基本结论，第三章讨论了一般线性模型最佳线性无偏估计的几个等价条件，以及线性估计的可容许性特征，得到了一般线性模型的可容许线性估计均具有条件广义岭估计的形式，给出了一个齐次线性估计为可容许估计的充分必要条件。

And then some ellipses that AUGR estimator is better than the OLS estimator and AUGL estimator is better than the OLS estimator are given, respectively.Second, the definition of the almost unbiased unified biased estimator is proposed. This definition includes the familiar almost unbiased estimators in literatures, and it is the unified expression of the familiar almost unbiased estimators. Followed the biased and variance are compared of AUUB estimator and the unified biased estimator, respectively. AUUB estimator has smaller bias than UB estimator and the variance of AUUB estimator is between the variance of UB estimator and 4 times of the variance of UB estimator. Finally the properties of AUUB estimator are discussed. The conclusion is gained that there are parameters made AUUB estimator is better than OLS estimator in terms of their mean square error. The sufficient and necessary condition that AUUB estimator is admissible is given. The ellipse is given that AUUB estimator is

然后给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计的定义，该定义包括了文献中常见的几乎无偏估计，实现了常见几乎无偏估计的统一表达式；接下来我们比较了几乎无偏统一有偏估计与统一有偏估计的偏度与方差，得出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计比统一有偏估计有较小的偏度，几乎无偏统一有偏估计的方差介于统一有偏估计的方差与统一有偏估计的方差的四倍之间的结论；最后我们对统一有偏估计的主要性质作了讨论，证明了存在参数K，S使得几乎无偏统一有偏估计在均方误差意义下优于最小二乘估计的结论，给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计为可容许估计的充要条件，还给出了在均方误差阵意义下几乎无偏统一有偏估计优于最小二乘估计的椭球。

Thereby, these facts indicate that the SDE not only have better statistic properties but also have uniformly smaller mean square errors than ANOVAE in an available group of linear mixed models. The other significative following work is to generalize the idea of SDE to multivariate linear mixed model and obtain the SDE of variance component matrices which uniformly dominate the ANOVAE either.

对于含有一个随机效应的混合模型，目前文献中都仅讨论了方差分量的谱分解估计和ANOVA估计等价的充要条件，本文首次给出了方差分量的谱分解估计在均方误差意义下严格的优于ANOVA估计的理论结果，并推广到广义谱分解估计，从而说明谱分解估计不仅较ANOVA估计有更好的统计性质，而且在一类常用的模型下有更小的风险损失。

In the fourth chapter, we discussion the characterization of admissible in the general linear model under equality constraint and inequality constraint, we give the necessary and sufficient condition that homogeneous linear estimator is admissible estimator, and by using the relationship between homogeneous and inhomogeneous linear estimator, we obtain the characterization of admissible inhomogeneous linear estimator.

第四章分别在带等式约束条件以及不等式约束条件下，讨论了一般线性模型线性估计的可容许性特征，给出了在约束条件下齐次线性估计为可容许估计的充分必要条件，同时利用齐次线性估计与非齐次线性估计之间的关系，把齐次线性估计的可容许性特征推广到了非齐次线性估计的可容许性特征。

Programmers and consultants. Anyone with the technical skills to solve the problem is now in high demand. Y2K guru『导师』Peter de Jager identifies『鉴定;确定』a wide variety of consultants ready to provide services, including planning consultants for tools assessment『估价;估计』, testing consultants,contract service consultants to estimate the costs and plan and implement『执行;履行』the code redesign『重新设计』, legal consultants, and recovery consultants.

9程序设计员和顾问：目前对于掌握能解决这一总是技术的人需求很大。2000年问题专家彼得·德耶格尔对准备提供服务的各类顾问进行了分类，其中有从事工具评估的计划顾问和测试顾问；从事成本估计、制定并执行编码重新设计计划的合同服务顾问；法律顾问以及追偿顾问等。

Second,a new estimator called generalized rootpower estimator of regression coefficients in growth curve model is obtained.For the newestimator,its superiority over the LS estimator and the root power estimator,and its admissibilityare proved.Two methods,two kinds of arithmetic of choosing the generalized root powerparameters are introduced.A demonstrative practical example is provided.

对增长曲线模型中的回归系数矩阵提出了一种新的估计——广义根方估计，并证明了通过广义根方偏参数的适当选取可使得该估计在均方误差和均方误差矩阵的意义下优于已有的最小二乘估计估计和根方估计；及证明了广义根方估计是可容许估计；还给出了选取广义根方偏参数的两种方法、算法和应用实例。

As one of the leading branches of the modern statistics, the riouparametric regression analysis is widely applied to explore the relationship between the the response variable y and the covariable A'.

对于非参数回归人们提出了许多估计方法，如核估计，局部多项式估计，光滑样条估计，级数估计(傅里叶级数估计，小波级数估计)等。这些方法本质上讲都是局部估计或局部光滑，当回归变量X为一维变量时，非参数回归函数用这些方法一般都能得到很好的估计。

The method of obtaining time delay parameters with the reverse access channel is discussed. The modified algorithms of classic correlation methods of TOA estimation are proposed. Noncoherently combining algorithm and group coherent combining algorithm are given. They decrease the computational complexity and are more suitable for implementations in practical systems. The leading edge detection algorithm is proposed to mitigate the effect of multipath in TOA estimation. Then the secondary search method is proposed, it can solve the matching issue of PN code in CDMA systems. The location algorithms based on LS are discussed; include circular trilateration with LS, hyperbolic trilateration with reference differencing, hyperbolic trilateration with sequential differencing and circular trilateration with TOA differences. The design and implementation of wireless location system based on TOA/TDOA in CDMA2000 systems are given. The location process is discussed, and the hardware and software implementation of TOA estimation are given. Finally, the wireless location system which uses TOA estimation and LS location algorithms above is tested in the real environment.

文中讨论了采用CDMA2000反向链路中的接入信道来获取时延的方法和过程；对TOA估计的传统的相关法进行了改进，提出了非相干合并相关法和分组合并相关法，减少了基于相关的时延估计算法的运算量，提高了算法的实用性，对算法进行了仿真和性能分析；采用边缘检测技术有效减少了TOA参数估计中的多径干扰，提高了时延参数估计的准确度；提出了一种TOA估计的二次搜索法，解决了多个定位测量单元同时进行TOA估计的PN码匹配问题，进一步了提高TOA估计的精度；在采用时延值的定位算法中引入了基于LS的圆周法、基于参考差的双曲线法、基于相邻差的双曲线法和基于TDOA的圆周法，讨论了各算法的应用条件，进行了算法性能的仿真分析；给出了CDMA2000系统中的TOA/TDOA的无线定位的系统方案和实现流程，并对TOA值估计算法进行了软硬件实现，还对采用TOA估计算法、LS定位算法和定位系统设计方案实现的定位系统的进行了现场定位性能测试。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷