估算

Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation is a key parameter in the study of such topics as ecological system function and global changes, and hence it is important to estimate FPAR accurately.

光合有效辐射分量(Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation，FPAR)是进行生态系统功能和全球变化研究的重要参数，准确估算FPAR具有重要意义。

FAPAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation) is an important parameter for remote sensing monitoring plants net primary productivity of land ecosystem.

FAPAR是遥感估算陆地生态系统植被净第一性生产力的重要参数。

It is crucial that the calculated value approximates the actual value of canopy absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. The calculation accuracy directly influences the estimation of NPP and carbon cycle.

FAPAR模型是否能真实反映植被冠层吸收光合有效辐射状况，将直接影响遥感估算植被NPP和碳循环的准确性。

The lumped kinetic model of monoterpene, abietic type resin acid, pimaric acid type resin acid, p-cymene, hydro-monoterpene, dehydro-abietic acid, hydro-abietic type resin acid, and hydro-pimaric acid type resin acid was established based on the structural groups and approximate reaction kinetic theory according to the fundamental principles of the lumped method.

在消除内、外扩散影响的条件下，在线跟踪反应产物并用气相色谱法测定反应体系组成随时间的变化，构造了Pd／C催化剂上松脂分子间氢转移集总反应网络，建立了包含单萜烯、枞酸型树脂酸、海松酸型树脂酸、对伞花烃、氢化单萜烯、脱氢枞酸、氢化枞酸型树脂酸和氢化海松酸型树脂酸等复杂反应体系的集总动力学模型，并估算了模型参数。

By measuring diurnal photosynthesis and transpiration, three urban tree species in Northern China of Sophora japonica, Acer mono Maxim and Platanus orientalis were studied so as to appraise theirs alleviative effect on urban heat island and their ecological benefits of carbon dioxide absorbing capacity, oxygen producing, and cooling and humidification.

选择华北地区3种常见的城市绿化树种国槐、元宝枫、法桐，测定其光合速率及蒸腾强度，据此估算其固碳量、释氧量和降温增湿量，并量化评价3种绿化树种的生态学效应及对城市&热岛效应&的减缓作用，时间尺度为日。

In this paper, prediction of the back surface reflection, which is based on attenuation and phase velocity dispersion estimation method, in highly attenuating plastic (polyvinylidene fluoride—PVDF) has been described.

在本文中，预测背部表面反射，这是基于衰减和相速度色散估算方法，在高衰减塑料（聚偏氟乙烯-聚偏氟乙烯）已被描述。

Many researchers have determined and estimated tree transpiration by using the methods of rapid weighting, steady-state porometer, photosynthesis system, whole-tree photometer, ventilated chamber, weighting potted-plant, sap flow measurements, lysimeter, water balance, energy balance, Bowen ratio, eddy covariance, Penman-monteith Method, and remote sensing.

针对不同的植被覆盖类型，国内外许多研究通过各种手段和方法，如快速称量、稳态气孔计、光合作用测定、整树容器、风调室、盆栽称量、液流测定法、蒸渗仪、水量平衡、能量平衡、波文比、涡动相关、彭曼联合法和遥感等来估算林木蒸腾作用。

To find the prefactor, evaluate the infinite product of gaussian integrals using the formula

为了找出前因子，用公式估算高斯积分的无限连乘

The practice showed that the new theory can describ and predict the mechanical relaxations of PET/PHB copolyesters successfully, and previde the useful imformation for the structure analysis of the copolyester as well.

实践表明，新的唯象理论不但能成功地描述和估算PET/PHB共聚酯的力学松弛行为，还能为共聚酯的结构分析提供有用的信息。

When researching the producer's behavior,such as factor input and output efficiency,using product function or cost function,researchers frequently ignore the economic inefficiency and assume that the productor can attain the production possibility frontier.

通常采用生产函数或成本函数研究生产者行为时，一般默认生产者总是在生产可能性边界安排生产，而忽略了由于产出的经济无效率所造成的偏差，这种偏差最终会影响要素替代弹性、要素最优配置及产出效率的准确测度。本文采用面板模型的三要素成本函数循环参数估计法，通过施加规模报酬不变的假设，估算了辽宁省工业部门二类行业的相对技术无效率、配置无效率程度及要素间的相对价格扭曲，并计算了资本、劳动、能源要素间的交叉替代弹性。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。