估算

A worked example was used to illuminate the application of analyzing additive by additive epistatic variation.

通过估算实际水稻种子性状数据，说明在经典数量遗传研究中，加加上位变异分析是可行的。

The data of the ionospheric critical frequencies, f0F2 and f0E, observed by a Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS-4) at Zhongshan station of Antarctica in 1996, the hemispheric power index and the midnight equatorward boundary of the aurora estimated by the observation of American NOAA and DMSP satellites are used to examine features of the polar ionosphere.

本文利用1996年的电离层数字测高仪DPS-4所测的f0F2、f0E以及美国NOAA和DMSP卫星观测估算的半球功率指数和午夜极光区赤道侧边界纬度等资料，考察中山站电离层的极区特征。

For the purpose of environment protection and reasonable development of scale breeding, Juchao District in Anhui Province, which is situated by the middle of Chaohu Basin, was taken to be studied. The maximum waste load of farmland was estimated through the breeding numbers and respective excretive coefficients. By comparing the actual load of livestock manure with the maximum admissible load, environmental risk of actual breeding scale in each community was evaluated.

以巢湖流域内的安徽省居巢区作为研究区域，结合当地规模化养殖小区的畜禽饲养量、排污量以及有效耕地面积，对畜禽粪便的耕地最大污染负荷量进行了估算，并与当地畜禽粪便的实际负荷量进行比较，对现有养殖规模条件下的环境风险进行了评价。

An effective method was developed to get the optical properties from the transmittance spectrum of the sample, and the dependences of refractive index and extinctive coefficient on wavelength were calculated with this method.

得出了该薄膜在400nm～2400nm区域内的折射率、消光系数等参量与波长的变化关系和与之相符合的柯西色散公式，并通过外推的方法估算出了薄膜的光学能量带隙为3.65eV。

Some of its brighter stars have been used as standard candles to establish important estimates of extragalactic distances and the scale of the Universe.

一些它的较明亮的恒星发出的光已经被用作标准光谱分析去建立银河系外星系距离的重要估算和宇宙的度量。

Joachim Fels and Manoj Pradhan, of Morgan Stanley, have made a stab at estimating neutral interest rates, ie, the short-term rates that would keep GDP growing at its trend pace and inflation on a stable path.

摩根斯坦利的Joachim Fels和Manoj Pradhan估算了&金砖四国&的中性利率，即令GDP增长率与趋势增长率相符、并使通胀率保持稳定的短期利率水平。

Based on the Peterson type formula and the Topper type formula, two formule of effective stress concentration factor are developed.

本文考虑了材料、受载形式、尺寸、错位量、焊接残余应力以及焊趾根部短裂纹对错位板节点疲劳强度的影响，在Peterson公式和Topper公式的基础上，分别建立了两个估算这类节点疲劳强度的有效应力集中系数的公式。

The temperature of the geothermal reservoir, which is calculated with the SiO2 geothermometer, is 136℃. The thermal groundwater is estimated to circulate to a depth of

利用SiO2温标法计算出热储温度为136℃，估算热水循环深度为1385 m。

According to the consistent geothermometer and manometer of the assemblage of garnet-plagioclase-biotite-muscovite-quartz, the peak temperature and pressure are estimated as: T=580℃~670℃, P=0.4 GPa~0.5GPa.

据石榴石－斜长石－黑云母－白云母－石英组合内部一致地质温压计估算出峰期温度－压力：T=580℃~670℃，P=0.4GPa~0.5GPa。

Gimbaled inertial navigation system ; system error analysis ; se nsor error estimation

平台式惯性导航系统；系统误差分析；元件误差估算

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。