估算

Mainly described the reflow temperature curve setting up, the solder joint alloy componental calculation and estimation of liquid phase line temperature for backward compatibility assembly.

重点介绍了后向兼容组装中再流温度曲线的设置、焊点合金成分的计算及液相线温度的估算。

Due to the difference on the environmental climate characteristic, climate variables selected, number of records sampled, averaging means and compoundable ways, there are 3 types 26 VPD calculation methods which were widespreadly used for estimating evapotranspiration around the world.

众多蒸发散量估算方程式中涉及VPD之计算，由於地域性气候环境背景特性、气象因子选用考量、取样资料频率多寡、资料平均方式及资料组合方式等之不同，目前遂有超过三十种以上VPD计算式，广为国内外著名机构或学者推荐在世界各地应用。

According to the mass transfer model of pure condensable gas under the capillary condensation mechanism, an accurate model improved by the factor of concentrations was put forward to calculate the permeability of components for binary gas mixtures.

以纯组分气体的毛细管冷凝传质模型为基础，提出了具有组分浓度修正项的二元混合气体的毛细管冷凝传质模型，模型能够准确地估算各组分的渗透系数。

The surface of image can be looked as a curved surface, and we can simulate a conicoid function in local area. Based on this function we can estimate the gradient and the curvature of the curved surface points, and set proper thresholds of gradient and curvature, we can detect the centre lines of roads with correlative process including removing small areas, area growth, thinning, etc. Lastly through seting proper thresholds of the gradient and the curvature again, the original road junctions can be detected and then verified by the road lines detected formerly.

基于微分几何的道路交叉口识别方法：把影像的灰度表面看作是一个曲面，在局部区域内拟合一个二次曲面函数，通过该函数来估算梯度和曲率并设定合适的梯度和曲率阈值来检测道路中心线，并进行相关处理，例如去除小区域、区域增长、细化等，然后再设定合适的梯度和曲率阈值，检测出初始道路交叉口，并用检测出来的道路来进行确认。

Analytical results show that: Anode evaporation rate, which determines mostly the production rate of UFMP, is influenced by the many factors including electric parameters of arc, ambient conditions and material properties et al; Existence and increase of anode ejection can influence the production rate and property of UFMP; It is firstly found and investigated that surface connexity phenomenon of Al anode material. Analyses and calculation show that formation of anode spot and existence of self-magnetic field force play an important part in surface connexity process; Effects of cathode material on prepared UFMP is also experimentally studied and theoretically analysed. It shows that effect of the cathode is inconsiderable under the experimental conditions used in the study. At last, the experimental results found in part one are analysed and discussed in detail.

然后详细分析了电弧与电极间的相互作用过程，结果表明：决定超微粉产率的阳极材料蒸发率受许多因素影响，它主要与电弧电参量，环境条件及材料性质有关；阳极表面液滴喷溅的存在和加剧将严重地影响所制超微粉的产率和性质；首次发现和实验研究了Al阳极表面凸起现象，并对此现象进行了详细的理论分析和实际估算，认为阳极斑点的形成及自磁场作用力的存在在该过程中起着重用作用；实验研究和理论分析了阴极材料对所制超微粉的影响，认为在本文所用实验方法及条件下，阴极材料对粉的影响很小。

In addition, soil carbon sequestration effects of conservational farming systems were primarily assessed based on the change of the farming system in the past 20 years in this region.

依据该区近20多年来耕作制度演变动态，对保护性耕作制度的土壤碳收集效应进行了初步估算。

Therefore, some published-data from long-term field experiments were used to construct assessment model of the change in soil organic carbon density induced by conservational farming systems in paddy fields in Yangtze Delta Plain.

利用已发表的田间定位试验数据，构建不同耕作制度下长江三角洲水田耕层土壤有机碳密度的估算模型。

Therefore, some publisheddata from longterm field experiments were used to construct assessment model of the change in soil organic carbon density induced by conservational farming systems in paddy fields in Yangtze Delta Plain.

利用已发表的田间定位试验数据，构建不同耕作制度下长江三角洲水田耕层土壤有机碳密度的估算模型。

And I also introduce the constructure of the positioning system and the evaluation.

最后，就定位系统的组成和设计中的性能估算等问题作了简介。

Without anthropogenic radioactivity, the initial 129I abundance of surface reservoir of earth is confirmed as 1.5×10^(-12) that can be used as starting value for calculation of cosmogenic 129I dating.

核试验和核事故释放的129I测定的是现代沉积物年代，测年时间尺度为50a。人们提出人类利用原子能之前地球表层初始129I丰度为1.5×10^(-12)，并以该值作为利用宇生129I估算年代的初始丰度值。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。