估算

A 2-D model with conductive boundary and lower layer, inhomogeneous bathymetry and the flow structure of Kuroshio was developed. It shows that the cable voltage is insensitive to the conductivity of sediment, but sensitive to the distance of Kuroshio from Taiwan.

一维平衡模式所推算的电缆电压可以定性地解释电缆电压随时间的变化，与潮流、黑潮、涡流等海洋现象变化的关系，但是其估算的电缆电压值约为量测值的24倍。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

The differences between the experimental and theoretical binodal curves might be caused by the error of the interaction parameters applied and by the neglect of the concentration dependency of g13 . Key word: Interaction parameters; Flory-Huggins; phase diagram

实验上观察到的液/液相分离现象与理论运算上所得到的结果趋势吻合，但实验点与理论所得到的binodal curve 有些误差，判断乃是由於作用力参数值估算误差，及未考虑g12 的浓度相关性所造成。

2 Mm were compared using the Lipophilic Hydrophilic Ratio concept which was defined on the basis of the Washburn equation, and their surface free energy component s were also estimated using the Washburn equation and van Oss-Chaudhurry-Good theory with n-hexane,α-bromonaphthalene, formamide and water as probe liquids.

2mm无烟煤、锰砂和石英砂滤料的润湿性；同时以正己烷、1-溴萘、甲酰胺和去离子水为探针液，用Washburn方程和vanOss-Chaudhurry-Good理论对滤料表面自由能成分进行了估算。

According to the characteristic of concrete failure,the calculational formula of crack width for concrete lining is given.

给出了混凝土衬砌开裂后裂缝宽度的估算公式，并对实际工程进行了分析计算。

Usually,most sample cores cannot reach the tree pith for various reasons and it is difficult to determine the trees' cambial ages.

用相同的树轮资料建立估算缺失轮数的最初径向生长模型，其方差解释量高达90.9%。

Based on the measurement of chromophoric dissolvable organic matter in 22 shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and corresponding penetrating depth were estimated using empirical models; and checked up utilizing the field measured attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in Lake Donghu Wuhan.

基于对长江中下游22个浅水湖泊有色可溶性有机物吸收的测量，运用经验模式估算了紫外辐射在长江中下游湖泊的衰减及对应的穿透深度，并利用在武汉东湖实测的紫外辐射衰减进行了检验。

By comparing and analyzing, it is concluded that for simple and slow slope terrain, the change of wind speed around hill can be truly calculated by some experimental formula such as MSFD calculations. While for cliffy slope and complex terrain experimental formula cant calculate the wind speed truly, it is well to analyze the question by numerical simulation.

通过对比分析可得，对于简单的、坡度较小的地形，山丘周围的风速变化可以较准确的由一些经验公式，例如MSFD理论模型计算得出；而对于坡度较大的以及较复杂的地形，经验公式无法较准确地对风速做出估算，只能借助于数值模拟来分析。

In this paper a model has been set up which adapt to highway project cost, making use of the coalescent of the fuzzy math and neural network, according to the characters of the highway project cost.

本文将模糊数学和神经网络相结合，针对公路工程造价的特点，探讨建立一个适合于高速公路工程的造价快速估算模型。

I suggest you update to v1.03, there is a "colonizable system" screen you can estimate the corruption for new colonies.

我建议你更新至v1.03请，有一个& colonizable系统&的屏幕上，你可以估算腐败的新殖民地。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。