估算

New sub-models for the four-way valve and the boost pump have been created by combined models. The initial parameters for the calculating analysis were determined at a rough estimate. The model has also been tested, modified and improved.

所构建的双燃料喷油器的计算模型能够较好的模拟复杂的双燃料结构特点和工作过程；采用模块组合的方法构造了四通阀和增压泵等新组件；采用估算的方法，确定了计算分析的初步参数；并对双燃料喷油器的计算模型进行了验证、调试和改进。

The heavy elements in the theory of spontaneous metamorphosis immediate sensation around the world ;(4) is proposed to estimate the Earth's radiation age;(5) from the charge-mass ratio α which is derived helium ions;(6) from the scattering of α Bighorn recognized atomic mass concentrated in a radius of 10-12 meters in the nuclear, on positively charged core surrounded by negatively charged electrons;(7) with natural α-particles from the nitrogen nuclei in the outgoing protons, this is the first time human beings to change the chemical elements of artificial nuclear reactions;(8) predicted that heavy hydrogen and neutron sub-existence .

这一重元素自发蜕变理论立即轰动全世界；（4）提出用放射性估算地球年龄；（5）从α的荷质比得出它是氦离子；（6）从α大角散射认识到原子质量集中在半径为10－12米的核上，核带正电，周围是带负电的电子；（7）用天然α粒子从氮原子核中打出质子，这是人类第一次实现改变化学元素的人工核反应；（8）预言重氢子和中子存在。

Catch-at-age data combined with and without the auxiliary information of effort data were used to calculate natural mortality rate and the other population parameters such as catchability and recruitment.

根据已开发鱼类种群的自然死亡率在鱼类资源评估中的重要作用，讨论了1种应用实际种群分析估算鱼类自然死亡率的方法。

Typically, online aggregation algorithms on multi-dimensional data need additional auxiliary data for estimation, which make the performance of the storage and maintenance of the data cube worse.

以往在数据立方体上实现的联机聚集往往需要附加空间来存储联机聚集估算所需要的信息，极大地影响了数据立方体的存储和维护性能。

The error performance of the proposed communication scheme is analyzed and the average probability of error decision is obtained.

分析了该方案的误码性能，得到了平均误码率的估算公式，分析得到了可降低误码率的信号设计基本规则。

According to the fundamental of vector control,a digital closed-loop control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on dsPIC30F6010 was designed and a model of permanent magnet synchronous motor in the estimation two phase rotating reference frame was introduced and an extended back electromotive force equation was deduced.

根据永磁同步电动机矢量控制的基本原理，设计了一种基于 dsPIC30F6010的无位置传感器永磁同步电动机控制系统，并介绍了在估算两相旋转坐标系下的PMSM模型，推导出了反电势方程的扩展形式。

A method to estimate the minimal sample size required for marker-assisted backcross breeding when both foreground selection and background selection are conducted is proposed.

该文提出了一种估算在标记辅助回交育种中同时进行前景选择和背景选择所需群体大小的方法。

A method to estimate the minimal sample size required for marker-assisted backcross breeding when both forground selection and background selection and background selection are conducted is proposed.

该文提出了一种估算在标记辅助回交育种中同时进行前景选择和背景选择所需群体大小的方法。

Nine super sweet corn inbred lines with abroad germplasm T1, T2, T3, M1, M2, M3, R1, R2, R3 were selected as tested lines, and original inbred lines B, C, D, 6, D2 as testing ones in this examination. 45 crosses were made by means of incomplete diallel method, and the genetic parameters of the groups and the combing ability of 10 traits, growth period, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, core diameter, baldhead length, rows per ear, kernels per row, single ear weight were tested and analyzed by means of NCⅡ design.

选用具有国外血缘的T1、T2、T3、M1、M2、M3、R1、R2和R3共9个超甜玉米自交系做被测系，以原有5个自交系B、C、D、6和D2做测验系，采用不完全双列杂交法组配出F1杂交组合45个，对生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、芯粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、单穗重10个性状按NCⅡ设计的原理和方法进行配合力测定与分析，并估算群体遗传参数。

Least reassuring of all, the government continues to bang on about Heathrow's lack of capacity, apparently unaware that air-traffic projections made during the longest period of sustained economic growth since British statistics have been comprehensively collected might need to be updated.

最让人缺乏信心的是，政府一直在反复强调希思罗机场容量的不足，却很明显地忽略了这样一个问题，就是当政府对航空业务总量做出估算的时候，英国正处于自从有完整的的统计系统以来最长的经济持续增长时期。

John Robbins lives with his family in Santa Cruz, California.

约翰罗宾和家人居住在加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯县。

The international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tented to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times.

国际背景主要是和平与发展时代条件下的世界各国经济贸易联系的日益加深。