估值

Value at Risk was main tool of market risk management but traditional VaR did not appreciate liquidity risk to make that VaR did not give correct information and was disvalue VaR to lead a large number of damages.

在现如今的风险管理工具中，风险值是应用最为广泛的一种，但在以往传统的风险值度量模型中，并不重视或是基本不考虑流动性不足问题所带来的风险，这使得风险值无法提供给投资者完全、真实、可靠的信息，更严重的问题是错估风险值会造成更大的损失。

The main content of this thesis is as follows: 1The structures of EPS are analyzed. The main components of EPS are introduced in detail. Then the distributed torque in EPS is analyzed and the control system model is set up. 2Three control modes are discussed and the control strategy of EPS is studied in detail. Three principal modules in the control strategy are discussed—the predicted module which predicts motor rotational speed and steering rotational speed, the power-assistant module and the return control module. 3The assistant torque curves of the motor are designed by using the B-spline, so that any kind of custom-built assistant torque curves can be designed according to different kinds of automobiles. 4The hardware frame of EPS is studied. The developed controller based on 8-bit MCU MC68HC908MR8 is introduced and many related circuit units are designed, including the control circuit, the driver control circuit and so on. The software structure is discussed, then the steering control program flowchart is given.

本文的主要工作有： 1分析了EPS 的总体构成，对EPS 的各个部件作了详细的介绍，并在此基础上分析了EPS 的受力情况，建立了控制系统模型，并研究了EPS 的安全性能； 2讨论了EPS 的三种控制方式，提出了控制策略，并讨论了其中三个关键模块的作用：预估模块包括对电机转速和方向盘角速度的预估，助力控制模块以及回正模块； 3用B 样条插值方法进行EPS 助力曲线的设计，可按照用户的要求设计任意形状的助力曲线，以满足不同车型和不同用户的要求； 4研究了控制系统的硬件结构，以MC68HC908MR8 为核心设计了控制器，详细讨论了控制器的控制电路、驱动电路等；设计了控制系统的软件，给出了控制程序流程图，并对要点进行了详细的说明。

Getting the spatial information of status, function and change, we have to develop and analysis spatial data with empirical models and process models. Spatial interpolation methods were used to estimate the characteristics of population from samples. Generally, the information are belong to bioecological information of EM. Huei-Sun Forest Experimental Station of NCHU is the study area in the study.

导出多层级间的相容性推估模式，并应用由上层族群分层取样，以得下层样本的技术且由下层之样本性态值分布，往上层推估族群之性态值分布，并以预测技术及Kriging 等空间推估方法，配合假设情境解生物生态、社会经济况改变或人为干扰时，对森生态系的况与产出所造成的影响，以提供森生态系经营管所需的生物、生态资讯。

However 528 nm and (dR716-R496)/(R716+R496) were the most important waveband and index to evaluate the variation of Fv/Fm on Mangifera indica and Decussocarpus nagi. At water deficit photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance reduced by decreasing soil water potential.

在平地结果显示，不同生态习性之植物其Fv/Fm对温度及光度之反应各异，并得知528 nm为推估芒果Fv/Fm萤光变化的重要波长，其反射率一次微分值为推估芒果Fv/Fm之最佳指数，NDVIdR716-496则为推估竹柏Fv/Fm最准确之指数。

Value at Risk was main tool of market risk management but traditional VaR did not appreciate liquidity risk to make that VaR did not give correct information and was misvalue VaR to lead a large number of damages.

摘要 风险值为现今主要风险管理下之衡量工具，但在传统的风险值模型中，并不重视流动性风险，使得风险值无法提供投资者真实的资讯，另外可能因错估风险值，而造成更大的损失。

The research results are highly reproducible owing to the repeatable micro-model technique.(2) Quantifying the Kr-S-P curves in two-phase flow. The validity and adaptability of multi-phase curves are verified using micro-model testing bed tailored to adequate scale of pores. Results obtained from the P-S micro-model tests generally agree with the threshold values of displacement mechanism offered by researchers using geometric shapes. The hysteresis of .experimental Kr-S curves of numerous two-phase flows are depicted in terms of connectivity and humidification. The P-S and Kr-S curves of two-phase flow are well-derived in conjunction with micro-model test results and empirical van Genuchten model. For the curve expressing the relation between saturation and capillary pressure, experimental results of water-air flow system corresponds to the theoretical data.

2二相流体对微模型实验之Kr-S-P关系：包括以孔颈尺寸比例组成微模型板实验平台去证实多相流流动主要特性曲线正确性与适用性；验证水和空气二相流之P-S微模型实验，与前人以几何形状所推估出来的置换机制门槛值大致吻合；以连通性及润湿性等解释多组二相流体对Kr-S曲线实验之迟滞现象；以微模型实验结果配合van Genuchten特性曲线经验式互推估二相流体对之P-S与Kr-S 曲线，推估结果良好；以比例原则推估多组二相流体於毛细压力-饱和度曲线的结果，显示在水和空气二相流体对为参考流体对时，推估其他组流体对吻合度最佳。

One of the companies would include Lehman's real estate holdings, now valued at $43bn, which could prove difficult to sell at a time when the commercial real estate market is only just starting to suffer from corporate lay-offs and liquidations.

其中一家公司将包括雷曼的房地产资产，目前估值为430亿美元，这些资产有可能难以出售，因为目前商业地产市场刚开始遭受企业裁员和破产清算的影响。

However, the practicalities of collecting those taxes – and valuing virtual assets – continue to be elusive.

然而，对虚拟财产征税——和估值——的可行性仍难以把握。

Absurd valuations are rationalised.

荒唐的估值被合理化。

Americans think that RMB reval could save the US.

美国人认为人民币重新估值可以拯救美国。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。