伪造人

These schemes do not only achieve strong distinguishability and non-repudiation properties but also achieve strong unforgeability property.

这两个方案不仅具有强可区分性、强不可否认性，而且具有强不可伪造性，能抵抗原始签名人假冒代理签名人、伪造代理签名攻击。

And he is good who does not outrage, who harms nobody, who does not attack, who does not requite, who leaves revenge to God, who keeps himself hidden as we do, who avoids evil and desires little from life, like us, the patient, humble, and just"—this, listened to calmly and without previous bias, really amounts to no more than:'we weak ones are, after all, weak; it would be good if we did nothing for which we are not strong enough "; but this dry matter of fact, this prudence of the lowest order which even insects possess (posing as dead, when in great danger, so as not to do "too much"), has, thanks to the counterfeit and self-deception of impotence, clad itself in the ostentatious garb of the virtue of quiet, calm resignation, just as if the weakness of the weak—that is to say, their essence, their effects, their sole ineluctable, irremovable reality—were a voluntary achievement, willed, chosen, a deed, a meritorious act.

所有不去侵占、不伤害任何人，不进攻，不求报的人，所有把报复权上交给上帝的人，所有像我们这样隐蔽自己、避开一切罪恶，甚至很少有求于生活的人，像我们这样忍耐、谦恭、正义的人都是好人。"如果冷静而不带偏见地倾听，这段话的真实含义其实不过是："我们这些弱者的确弱；但是只要我们不去做我们不能胜任的事，这就是好。"但是这种就连昆虫都具有的最低等的智力（昂虫在危险时刻也会佯死，以免行动"过多），这个冷酷的现实却由于无能的伪造和自欺而被包裹在退缩、平静、等待的道德外衣中，就好像弱者的弱原是他的本质，他的作为，他的全部的、唯一的、必然的、不可替代的真实存在，是一种自发的举动，是某种自愿的选择，是一种行动，一种功绩。

I wish it can design a kind of more rational law system to handle these problems and knottiness based on the law value such as embodying order freedom justice efficiency.

在第一章中就伪造背书的构成要件、分类及与相关概念的区别加以介绍，着重对票据背书行为中的无代行权人代行签章是按无权代理抑或伪造背书处理，何者更为可行？

The issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded by a nominated person who has given value fraud, a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good faith,a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person,or an assignee of the issuer or nominated person's deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person,and

开证人应对付提示，如果提出兑付要求的是已善意给付价值且未事先得到伪造或实质性欺诈通知的指定人已善意履行兑付责任的保兑人信用证项下已被开证人或指定人承兑的汇票的正当持票人；开证人或指定人的延期付款义务的受让人，只要受让人已给付价值又未事先得到关于伪造或实质性欺诈的通知，而且受让行为又是在开证人或指定人承担延期付款义务之后做出的，及

In the former situation, the drawer shall himself bear the effect because the drawer breached the obligation of payment examination; in the latter situation, the drawer may exempt from assuming the liability due to his good faith, will no longer again assume the obligation of payment to the true obliger, thus the forger can only claim the damages against the forger for the damage caused on him.

在前一种情况下，由于付款人违反了法律规定的付款审查义务，所以，付款人应自行承担行为后果；在后一种情况下，付款人因进行了善意付款而免责，对真实权利人不承担再次付款的义务，由此给被伪造人造成的损失，被伪造人只能向伪造人请求损害赔偿。

A Whoever, without the consent of the patentee, marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with anything made, used, offered for sale, or sold by same person within the United States, or imported by the person into the United States, the name or any imitation of the name of the patentee, the patent number, or the words "patent,""patentee," or the like, with the intent of counterfeiting or imitating the mark of the patentee, or of deceiving the public and inducing them to believe that the thing was made, offered for sale, sold, or imported into the United States by or with the consent of the patentee; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any unpatented article the word "patent" or any word or number importing the same is patented, for the purpose of deceiving the public; or Whoever marks upon, or affixes to, or uses in advertising in connection with any article the words "patent applied for,""patent pending," or any word importing that an application for patent has been made, when no application for patent has been made, or if made, is not pending, for the purpose of deceiving the public - Shall be fined not more than $500 for every such offense.

a未经专利权人之同意，意图伪造或仿造专利权人之标示，或意图欺瞒公众，使公众误认其产品为专利权人于美国境内所制造、要约销售或销售，或由专利权人输入至美国境内，或经其同意者，而将专利权人之姓名或仿名、专利号码，或"专利"、"专利权人"等类似之字样、标示、粘贴或使用于其所制造、使用、要约销售、销售于美国境内或输入美国境内之任何产品；或以欺瞒公众为目的，将"专利"或任何隐含已获准专利之字样或号码，标示、粘贴或使用于未准专利产品之广告上；或以欺瞒公众为目的，于申请专利前，或虽申请而已遭核驳之状态下，将"专利申请中"，或"专利审查中"，或隐含专利已提出申请等字样，标示、粘贴或使用于其产品之广告上者－每一违反行为，处五百元以下之罚金。

Other real signers who act effectively on the instrument, include indorser, acceptor and warrantor, but except forgery, the party whose signature has been forged and holder.

持票人是现实地持有伪造票据的人，伪造票据的持票人有善意持票人和恶意持票人之分。

The meaning of forgey in various legislation comprises visible forgery and invisible forgery.Visible forgery is the man,who has no right to make documents,personates other's nominal and makes documents.Invisible forgery is the man,who has right to make documents,makes false documents.The difference between them is whether the nominal person and manufacturer are identical.The purpose of penalizing invisible forgery is it infringes upon documents' evidence.

对于伪造，我国学说和司法实践较为关注无制作权限人的非法制作文书的行为，对有制作权限者所从事的制作内容虚伪文书行为却重视不够，但从伪造文书罪的保护法益来看，无形伪造的行为也侵犯了文书的社会信用，有必要加以刑事处罚；另外，在理论上和实践中区分两种不同情形的伪造，有利于明确刑事立法的宗旨，推动立法的改进和理论研讨的深入。

However, the view which considering that the forger should bear the obligation has becoming power, there have forger action theory and analogy application theory, and the latter one is more reasonable.

但是，肯定伪造人应承担票据义务的观点逐渐成为有力的主张，主要有伪造人行为说和类推适用说两种学说，而类推适用说更具有合理性。

Misleading sweepstakes 赌金and prize draws抽奖, fake clairvoyants预言家, bogus 伪造的foreign lotteries and miracle health cures 治疗方法were among the most common cons being perpetrated犯 among more than 15,000 mailings passed to 50 of the 200 local authority当局 trading standards offices in England, Wales and Scotland.

公平交易委员会提醒民众，收到承诺过于完美的推销邮件后不要急着去汇款，有些事听起来太美好了而让人觉得不真实的时候，它有可能就不是真的

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新