伦理学

To accept this point of view is to refuse bureaucratic concept of authority and appreciate administrator's reasonable obedience, to overcome utilitarian ignorance of administrator's"inner interests"with excellent"practice"and take care of administrator's inner sentiments, to abnegate obsession with"control"and prejudice of administrator's autonomy and have eyes on administrator's ethical responsibilities, professional ethics and its construction.

采用这种观念模式，将拒绝制度主义的行政伦理学的规则中心论，主张行政人的道德主体性；拒绝官僚制理论的权威主义观点，主张行政人对制度的合理服从；拒绝功利主义行政伦理学对行政"实践"内在利益的忽视，主张关注行政人的内在感受；拒绝"控权论"对行政专业自主性的敌视，主张研究行政人的伦理责任、职业伦理及其对行政人道德建设的意义。

The topics of anthropocentrism, natural rights and natural value of environmental ethics are discussed.

分析探讨了环境伦理学中"人类中心主义"、"自然权利"和"自然价值"等共同关注的话题，阐明了环境伦理学的理论特质。

The War Diaries (1939-1940), Being and Nothingness (1943), Anti-Semite and Jew (1946),"Existentialism is a Humanism"(1946),"Materialism and Revolution"(1946), Notebooks for an Ethics (1947-1948), Search for a Method (1954), Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960), and "Notes on Ethics"(1964-1965) are representative examples.

战争日记（1939-1940）、存在与虚无（1943）、反犹太人和犹太教（1946）、存在主义是人道主义（1946）、唯物主义和革命（1946）、伦理学笔记（1947-1948）、方法论研究（1954）、辩证理性批判（1960）、伦理学笔记（1964-1965）就是其中的一些代表作。

But obviously, from many of his writings, we can see his thinking on this issue and his attempt to solve the problem. We can go after his thoughts, study what he had achieved to retrieve an ethics as his one in the middle way. Towards the second question, my answer is both "yes" and "no". The reason I give a positive answer is that it is an undeniable fact that Sartre handed down a considerable quantity of writing on ethics. The War Diaries (1939-1940), Being and Nothingness (1943), Anti-Semite and Jew (1946),"Existentialism is a Humanism"(1946),"Materialism and Revolution"(1946), Notebooks for an Ethics (1947-1948), Search for a Method (1954), Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960), and "Notes on Ethics"(1964-1965) are representative examples.

我承认，因为萨特没有找到一个令人满意的解决之道调和他的个人绝对自由和团体自由以及社会自由之间的矛盾，他对有生之年发表他的伦理学专著犹豫不决，但是，从他的许多作品，我们能够窥见他对伦理学思考的端倪和想要完成这本著作的心愿，因此我们有可能沿着他思想的路径，捡起他撒落的花瓣，走完他走到半途的路程。

Atheistic morality is not impossible, but it will never answer our purpose.Roswell D. Hitchcock

建立无神的伦理学并非不可能，只是这样的伦理学无法提供我们生命的目标。

But it can not be without the practice. Moores ethical on behavior shows up great benthamism inclination, reflecting his connecting with the normative-ethics.

在摩尔的"行为的伦理学"思想中表现了极大的功利主义倾向，表明了他并没有同其反对的规范伦理学完全绝缘。

Applied ethics is not a real subject. It does not have a complete theory and system but rather a loose cluster of applied problems lack of rigorous logic structure. It is only convenient for the explanations, clarification and presentation of some practical problems and probe to occupational regulations. It uses part of the theory and methodology from ethics and only a study concept of opportunisism and education. It offers relativism repair for sermonized or secular ethics promulgation. It also uses the postmodern methods of intuitionism or circumstancesm, transplants and produce a series of post-classic principles which are self evident. Applied ethics is born as a simple and brutal measurement tools with the background of fussy and blundering academic situation.

应用伦理学还不是一门真正的学科，它没有一个完整的理论与体系，它只是一个松散、缺乏严密逻辑结构的&应用问题群&，只是便于对实践问题的解释、阐明、陈述和对职业规范的探究，运用伦理学的部分理论与研究方法，与社会和人类对话；它只是一种机会主义的研究概念、教育概念和体制化传达语式，并为说教或俗世伦理学的传播而进行的相对主义修补，其运用直觉主义或境遇主义的后现代手段，移植或制造一系列&不证自明的&后经典原则，实用主义地、分裂地、常常孤立地对具体问题予以说明。

Based on the classification of meta-ethics ; primary problems of the meta-ethics , the topic for the research is to discuss the dual ethical method of Stevenson's Emotivism, especially, its features and important roles in transition in west modern ethics.

元伦理学是与传统规范伦理学相对而言的一种伦理学理论，它在西方经历了一个多世纪的发展历程，目前仍然在积聚进一步发展的力量。

Based on the classification of meta-ethics; primary problems of the meta-ethics, the topic for the research is to discuss the dual ethical method of Stevenson's Emotivism, especially, its features and important roles in transition in west modern ethics.

本课题立足于元伦理学三种划分方法、元伦理学的三个基本问题、斯蒂文森情感主义的伦理学二元性特征，及其理论在元伦学发展过程中的多重转折意义展开对斯蒂文森情感主义伦理思想的研究。

From the background of anti-modernity issues, I further think that the basic dimension of Marxist philosophical revolution is an ethical one, which is not of the"formalized"ethics, but of the new substantive ethics subject to criticizing the anti-morals of capitalism.

本论文进一步认为，如果从这一反现代性的问题背景出发，马克思哲学革命的根本向度便是一个伦理学向度，但这不是西方传统哲学中的那种&形式化&伦理学，而是一种全新的以批判资本主义之反伦理性为主题的实质伦理学。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。