伦理

Years ago, in vitro fertilization is also considered a violation of human ethics and code of conduct experiments, but in today's society, test-tube baby has been generally accepted, and judging from the results of the implementation of the new technology really brought the Considerable economic benefits and allow more people to have the opportunity to have a child.

在二十年前，试管婴儿也被认为是违反人类伦理道德和行为准则的实验，但是在当今社会，试管婴儿已被普遍接受，并且从推行结果来看，新的技术确实给人类带来了可观的经济效益和让更多的人能有机会生育子女。

The purpose of this paper is to deal with ethical concerns in thanatology as well as medical ethics in Margaret Edson's Wit, and to explore how the playwright exhibits some important issues in medical humanities education (patient-centered care, humane medical treatment, empathy towards patients, etc.) through meta-theatrical devices, concepts of life and death in the seventeenth-century metaphysical poetry, and patient-doctor interaction and relationship.

中文摘要/本论文拟以当代美国女性剧作家玛格立特E艾德森的剧本《心灵病房》为例，析论剧本所蕴涵的临终关怀与医学伦理议题，并探讨剧作家如何藉由「后设剧场」的表现技巧、十七世纪形上诗的生死观、剧中人物间的互动，来彰显医学人文教育的重要课题──推广以病人为中心、具人性化的医疗方式，并且深入了解、同理病人的困境等等。

The thanatopsis of Chinese people is built on the basis of natural religion, with the characteristics of mystery, politics and ethics, in which the collective cultural value is considered higher than the value of individual life.

中国人传统的死亡观，是建立在自然宗教的基础上，具有神秘化、政治化和伦理化的特点，整体的文化意义高于生命的个体价值。

Firstly,domestic first organ transplant act can conciliate the conflict of the compellent of law and the available of ethic; Secondly, the practicing of brain death standard will impulse the establishment of scientific thanatopsis; Thirdly, the establishment of the brain death standard help to resolve correlative bioethical problems.

本文最后对施行脑死亡标准的实践意义进行了探讨，认为其意义在于以下几点：首先我国首部《人体器官移植条例》对于二元死亡标准的确立能够调和法的强制性与伦理的可选择性之间的冲突；其次，脑死亡标准的施行将推动科学死亡观的确立；再次，脑死亡标准的确立有助于解决相关生命伦理学问题。

Side by side with this speculative and theoretical school, taking for its problem metaphysics in the strict sense of the word-namely, the nature of God and His relation to the world-another mystical movement was developed, more religio-ethical in nature, which, as Grtz rightly says, considered the ritual, or the practical side, to call it so, as the more important, and as the one to which the theosophical side served merely as an introduction.

"并排这种投机性和理论学校，以供其形而上学的问题，在严格意义上的词，即天主的本性和他的关系，向世界-另一种神秘主义运动的发展，更religio伦理性质，他们作为grtz正确地说，被视为"祭祀，或实用的方面，要求它的话，因为更重要的是，作为一个以其中theosophical方送达的，只是作为一个导言。

As we know, the insymmetry of medical information, the great ethical background and the indefinition of medical expenses, have greatly increase the supervising difficulty of medical insurance. It has been proved that we cannot control the growth of medical expenses simply by the enhancement of the supervision measures of insurance institutions. It is not the optimum choice. Through the analysis to behavior of the insurance institutions, medical agencies and the insurants, this paper has drawn a conclude that the fundamental reason of moral risk is the "third-party payment" social medical insurance system.

为了减少因道德风险而高涨的医疗费用，最安全的措施莫过于同时对医疗机构和被保险人进行监管，由于医疗信息的不对称，医疗消费浓重的伦理性色彩以及医疗消费的不确定性，增加了医保机构监管的难度，实践证明控制道德风险引发的医疗费用上涨，加大保险机构工作人员监管力度，往往不能达到预期的效果，显然不是一个最优的策略选择。

A democratic ethics characterized with "service morality" was established by Sun Zhong-shan on the political foundation of his Three Principles of the People.

孙中山在其三民主义的政治基础上，形成了他的民主主义的伦理思想，突出特色是他所倡导的"服务道德"。

In fact, mine disaster is a sharp throe during the process of economic system transition in China, which results from the neglect of ethics and moral in business.

实际上，矿难是我国经济体制转轨过程中，由于存在对经济伦理道德的忽视而带来的一种阵痛。

The development of commodity economy in the middle and late of Tokugawa Era caused the financial crisis between each vassal state.

德川时代的社会价值观集中体现在这个时期的政治、经济和宗教、伦理观念之中。

The consumer's limit of tolerance which involed in the ethical factors of advertisements is greatly related to their moral values, purchase cognizance and so on.

消费者对于广告中涉及的伦理因素的承受底线与其道德观念、购买认知、广告及产品自身特点等有很大的关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。