伦理

Using such key concepts as"aret〓","practice", and"practical reason", critically integrating related theories and thoughts from philosophy, ethics, sociology, psychology, pedagogics, politics, etc. this thesis systematically analyzed public administrator's discretion and professional autonomy, responsibilities, duties and professional virtues, and the theoretical basis and methodology for construction of public administrative ethics.

中文题名行政人的德性与实践副题名外文题名 Administrator's virtues and practice 论文作者李春成导师竺乾威曹沛霖浦兴祖教授学科专业行政管理学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位复旦大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数213页关键词伦理学行政伦理行政管理道德行政裁量权行政人馆藏号BSLW /2003 /B82 /10 本文借用亚里士多德的德性论传统的一些基本概念，包括&德性&、&实践&、&实践理性&，批判性地综合运用哲学、伦理学、行政学、政治学、社会学、心理学、教育学等多学科的相关研究成果，对行政人的裁量权与专业自主性、行政人的责任与义务、行政人应当具备的专业美德、行政伦理建设的依据与方法等基本问题，进行了系统的讨论。

If we want to find out the way to go out the hot water, we must do something necessary: First, consciousness of SciTech and ethic should be built up, and more communions and talks between scientists and ethicists are needed. Second, it is essential to intensify popularization of SciTech and build up mainstream ethos. Finally, we should attach more importance to the decision-making of government and perfect legal system of SciTech.

面对科技发展下的伦理困境，我们的根本出路在于：首先，树立科技伦理意识，促进科学家与伦理学家的交流与对话；其次，加强科普宣传，在全社会弘扬一种主流的道德风气；最后，注重政府决策，完善科技法制体系。

Therefore the article has analyzed the present situation of administrative ethics legal system construction in our country and the questions when administrative personnel display individual ethics independency facing to, and according to the Coopers ideology theory, has showed the way to solve the question.

因而本文又分析了我国行政伦理法制化建设的现状和行政人员发挥个人伦理自主性面临的问题，并且借鉴库珀的思想理论，给出了解决问题的途径。

They were written by the country gentlemen or esquires.

这就是生活伦理，从生活中体验出来的，应用到实际生活的现实的伦理力量。

Human rights are abso- lute, unconditional and gratuitous. If they are ethicized, the human right relationship between an individual and the state will become the common relationship between an individual and others.

若把人权伦理化，则就把人权之个人或群体与国家或政治社会的关系转变为个人与别人的关系；同时由于伦理的利他性，伦理化的人权就不但不应向别人要求权利，倒是相反地把本应属于个人的权利让渡给别人。

Secondly, it theoretically analyses the structure characters and the development trend of administration methods. Then the paper studies the contact of Confucianism administration cultural and ethicizing school administration. Finally, it dissects the cultural basis and psychological factors of ethicizing school administration.

接着从理论上分析了管理方式的结构特征以及管理方式发展的趋势，进而深入地讨论了儒家管理文化与管理方式伦理化之间的关联，剖析了实施伦理化管理方式的文化基础和心理基础。

On my opinion, it is very important to understand and master the structure features of administration methods, keep step of the trend of administration development, make good use of the traditional Confucianism, and put into effect ethicizing school administration methods which take consideration of teachers labor features and psychological characters. Those help to raise the efficiency of school administration, enhance school external adaptability and increase school internal cohesion.

最后得出结论：全面理解和把握管理方式的结构特征，顺应管理方式变革伦理化的趋势，充分运用儒家传统文化的积极影响，针对教师劳动的特征及其心理特征，推行伦理化的管理方式，有利于提高学校管理效率、增强学校组织的外部适应力和内部凝聚力。

The adjustment of Medical ethics on ART are affected through ethical regulation,exampling, leading, educating etc.

ART医学伦理调控的主要形式有伦理调节、导向、教育、辩护、制约等。

Therefore, studies on Chinese traditional ethic culture involve both classical traditional ethic culture and folk ethics.

因此，要想接近和描述中国传统伦理文化的&原型&，就绝不能忽视民间伦理的存在。

Folk ethics ; ethics of enlightenment by education ; folk tradition ; formal tradition

民间伦理；正统教化伦理；小传统；大传统

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。