伤寒

More than 90% of the total incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid were typhoid previously, as the widely use of Vi bacterin, in the middle of 90s in 20th century, the popular strain changed, in some provinces the cases of typhoid decreased, but that of paratyphoid increased largely, with the outbreak trend from spot to part and from inshore provinces to backland provinces. In recent years, paratyphoid becomes the main infectious diease in some areas, and ofen develop to serious epidemic situation. So setting up a rapid and accurate detecting metod is necessary.

以前我国伤寒发病占伤寒副伤寒总发病的90%以上，后来由于伤寒Vi疫苗的广泛使用，20世纪90年代中期，流行菌株发生转变，我国部分省份伤寒病例逐渐下降，而由甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌引起的副伤寒病例却大幅上升，并呈现由散发到局部暴发，由沿海省份向内地省份推进的流行趋势，近几年来成为我国一些地区传染病突发事件的主要病种，常发展成重大疫情，急需建立快速、准确的诊断方法。

Objective To study the conjugational transfer and antibiotic resistance expression of pRST98 in different enteric bacilli(including E.coli, S.typhi, S.typhimurium and S.flexneri).

目的 研究伤寒杆菌耐药质粒pRST98在不同种属肠道杆菌间(大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、鼠伤寒杆菌及痢疾杆菌)互相接合传递的规律及表达。

On that same occasion I learned, for the first time, from Miss Abbot's communications to Bessie, that my father had been a poor clergyman; that my mother had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her; that my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience, he cut her off without a shilling; that after my mother and father had been married a year, the latter caught the typhus fever while visiting among the poor of a large manufacturing town where his curacy was situated, and where that disease was then prevalent: that my mother took the infection from him, and both died within a month of each other.

就是这一回，我从艾博特与贝茜的文谈中第一次获悉，我父亲生前是个牧师，我母亲违背了朋友们的意愿嫁给了他，他们认为这桩婚事有失她的身份。我的外祖父里德，因为我母亲不听话而勃然大怒，一气之下同她断绝了关系，没留给她一个子儿。我父母亲结婚才一年，父亲染上了斑疹伤寒，因为他奔走于副牧师供职地区、一个大工业城镇的穷人中间，而当时该地流行着斑疹伤寒。我母亲从父亲那儿染上了同一疾病，结果父母双双故去，前后相距下到一个月。

To evaluate the epidemical condition and characteristics of typhus in Xi an and provide scientific evidence for the prevention work.

目的 回顾性评估西安地区斑疹伤寒的疫情和流行特点，为防治斑疹伤寒提供科学依据。

To analyze 12 cases (male 10 and female 2) of double infected with typhoid fever and malaria over the past ten years in our hospital. Results: Of them, 8 cases suffered fioom typhoid fever with tertian malaria, 3 cases of typhoid fever with falciparum nalaria, anid the other one was diagnosed by anti-malaria treatment.

收集我院近十年来的伤寒、疟疾重叠感染患者12例(其中男10例，女2例)结果：12例伤寒重叠感染间日疟8例、恶性疟3例，疟原虫阴性的1例是在确诊伤寒后，按伤寒治疗，高热持续不退，贫血加重，经诊断性抗疟治疗，体温降至正常才诊断为重叠感染的。

Objective To evaluate the clinical profile and pattern of various drugs used for treatment of typhoid fever.

目的 评价伤寒临床表现和伤寒沙门菌对各抗菌素的反应方法对1996～2001年住院的44例成人伤寒患者进行了回顾性分析。

A culture of typhoid bacilli,used to test for the presence of typhoid fever.

伤寒素伤寒病菌的培养，用来测试伤寒的存在

Methods:Widal test was analysed retrospectively in 87 bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid fever and 922 patients with non typhoidal fever.

对251例伤寒患儿中伤寒杆菌培养阳性的87例患儿及922例非伤寒发热患儿的肥达反应结果进行回顾性分析。

Typhus Fever. Several distinct rickettsiae (a parasite carried by ticks, fleas, and lice) cause a disease known as typhus in humans.

斑疹伤寒。由几种不同的发疹伤寒病原体（可由壁虱，跳蚤，虱子等寄生虫传播）引起的疾病被人们称为斑疹伤寒。

Objectives:To estimate willingness to payfor typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and develop direct evidence for policy maker,as well as describe the choice model of typhoid vi vaccine in typhoid epidemic area and discuss the application of the Contingent Valuation Method in survey of willingness to pay.

目的：评估广西伤寒流行地区灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的支付意愿，为卫生决策者在全球推广伤寒疫苗提供直接证据；调查灵川县居民对伤寒ⅵ疫苗的选择偏好；探讨条件价值法在疫苗支付意愿调查中的应用。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。