传统法律

The abruption of law and religion brought the crisis of western law tradition.

所以由"祛魅"带来的法律与宗教的分裂，造成了西方法律传统的危机，伯尔曼正是着眼于西方法治发展的历史，提出恢复人们对宗教和法律的信仰，以此克服西方法治的危机。

It will lead to the apriorism if we introduce the mode of the US Securities Class Action as the civil compensation mechanism of solving the securities dishonesty only because the mode of the US Securities Class Action has a series of advantages compared with the representative action with uncertain numbers of people in our country.

如果仅仅因为美国证券集团诉讼模式比我国的人数不确定的代表人诉讼具有一系列的优势，即要引入此模式作为解决证券欺诈民事赔偿机制，容易出现先验主义的错误，我们必须注意到两国在法律传统、法律体制和法律文化基础等方面的差别。

Law terms are not equivalent in all countries due to the impact of the ethical characteristics and the cultural traditions of law in each country.

由于其受法律文化传统和民族特性所影响，不同国家的法律术语并不简单等同，故在法律术语的翻译上应该发挥译者的主体性。

Identifying Kantianism as a common thread that runs through both traditional and postmodern legal theory via the work of Adorno and Horkheimer, the book considers the ethical questions that postmodernism raises for the legitimation of legal rules and legal judgements.

经由阿多诺和霍克海默的著作，发现康德主义成为一个普遍的趋势承载着传统的与后现代主义的法律理论。这本书是在考虑一个伦理问题，即后现代主义引发的法律规则和法律判断的合法性问题。

Law is superior to administrative power, the constitution has the highest authority, and person or group should not outmatch the law; democratic legislation requires that the legislative body should be born of universal and periodic elections and its main tasks include setting up laws and supervising the administration; judicial branch is independent and has high position and authority, also practises judicial review to prevent arbitrary violation of the constitution; check and balance institutions among different branches of the government to prevent that a single branch has too much or monopolistic power.

现代法治虽无划一的模式，各国历史条件和文化传统也存在诸多差别，但所采取的基本原则和制度大体一致，主要是法律大于行政权力，宪法具有至高无上的权威，任何人和团体不得凌驾于法律之上；立法民主，由拥有广泛代表性和定期选举阐述的立法机构制定法律、监督行政；司法独立、拥有崇高地位和权威，并且实行防止随意违宪的司法审查制度；政府各权力机构间实行牵制与平衡，以防止单个机构权力过大。

The constitutionalism is based on a public sphere with negative law as rule, so that it transforms the allocation of the modern political value logically, i.e. traditionally ,only the reasonable value is legitimate, whereas in the constitutionalism, only the legitimate value is reasonable. In other words, it has changed the standard of value from the former positive logic, based on the moralization of human nature, to the negative one, based on the legalization of human nature. Rawls and Hayek demonstrate this logic conversion from different ways separately.

由于宪政的法律制度预设的乃是一个否定性的以法律为尺规的公共领域，因此就把近现代有关政治价值的定位从逻辑上进行了一番改造，即传统政治价值形态那里所表述的是，只有合理的价值才是合法的，而宪政的法律制度则反过来表述为，只有合法的价值才是合理的，或者说，它把价值标准从过去那种以人的本性的道义化为基础的肯定性逻辑，转变为以人的本性的合法性为基础的否定性逻辑。

The content of the parental rights and minor children's rights of privacy has all aimed to the private life of minor children's study and entertainment, which has created the condition of the conflicts between the two parties. Neither the law of our country has detailed stipulated for the content of parental rights, nor stipulated restrictedly to minor children's rights of privacy. The legitimate right is the basis to realize the right and ensure the right is legal. Because of the unperfected law, both two parties haven't got a clear confine in using their rights. So it also becomes one important reason of the conflict. In the past, parents use their guardianship as the hegemony which including some long-history autocratic tradition. It is the cultural factor of disregarding and excluding the individual privacy. With the development of democracy and legal system, citizen including minor children have realized their rights to privacy which has also become one reason to raise the right conflict.

因父母行使亲权与未成年隐私权的内容均指向了未成年人的学习娱乐等私生活，为两者发生冲突创造了条件；而我国法律既未对父母行使亲权的内容作具体详实的规定，也未对未成年人的隐私权作限制性规定，权利的法定化是为权利的实现和保障奠定法律基础和合法性依据的，法律本身的不完备、不完善使得权利主体行使权利的界限不明确，也是造成权利冲突的重要原因；古代以家长权为支配权的亲子法，包括中国古代社会存在的源远流长的专制传统，是对个人隐私的漠视和排斥的文化因素；随着民主法制的发展，公民包括未成年人权利意识的发展，也是权利冲突现象增多的一个直接导因。

Within these influences and modern nomocracy appeared such conflict as between manually governing tradition and nomocracy spirit、the nomothetical conflict within the traditional morality of legal system and nomocracy construction、the conflict between revolutionary tradition and the conservative spirit of nomocracy、between traditional awkward law consciousness and fine law requirement of nomocracy construction、between the law concept that regarding law as traditional tool and looking on law as justice and so on.

这些影响与现代法治建设之间产生了人治传统与法治精神之间的冲突、法制的传统道德与法治建设中的法律冲突、革命传统与法治的保守精神相冲突、传统的恶法意识与法治建设的良法要求相冲突、统治工具论法观念与公平正义法观念之间的冲突等。

On the other, it is a country with a strong traditional familial culture, mixing the Jewish majority's traditions and religious values with those of traditional Muslim, Christian and Druze minorities,s7 Israel's mixed values are reflected in its legal regime, which combines Western liberal constitutionalism with Jewish traditional religious laws and values

在另一个方面，它是有强烈的传统家庭的文化观念的一个国家，还混合着犹太人的多数传统和宗教性的价值和传统回教徒、基督徒和德鲁士，以色列合法政权中的混合价值被反映在一起结合西方自由主义的立宪主义和犹太人的传统宗教性的法律和价值中。

On the basis of analyzing the application of long-arm jurisdiction to internet cases by the U.S. courts, the authors suggest: firstly, though internet cases have their own characteristics and challenge the traditional rules of jurisdiction, the challenge itself should not be overestimated, and the traditional rules are still applicable to internet cases; Secondly, as regard to the model of jurisdiction of internet cases, the European model which emphasizes on the physical location is hard to make vo...

在分析研究了美国法院将传统长臂管辖权理论运用于网络案件的有关实践后，作者指出：尽管网络案件有其特殊之处，对传统的管辖权提出了一定的挑战，但不应夸大其对传统管辖权的冲击，传统的管辖权规则仍可适用于网络案件；就网络案件管辖权模式而言，强调物理联系因素的欧洲模式难堪重任，而强调被告是否与法院地间形成了某种程度的联系，根据企业所使用的语言、货币、法律选择、拒绝交易声明以及实施特定交易等，考察被告的活动是否针对法院地，是否与法院地形成了某种&有意利用&关系的美国模式更符合管辖权模式的未来发展趋势。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失