传统法律

Though it continuously evolved through time,it had eightstable and interrelated basic features:Unity between God and man,familism,ethics standard,rule by rituals,rule by virtue,rule by man,supra-unity,mixtureof norms.

虽然中国古代法律文化传统一直处于不断演变过程中，但从总体上看，它具有八个比较稳定的而且相互关联的基本特征：天人合一传统，家族主义传统，伦理本位传统，礼治主义传统，德治主义传统，人治主义传统，大一统传统，规范合一传统。

The latter three strategies are new and also the paper's three innovative points. First of all, appeal the law to prohibit reversed payment, unify this with the BOLAR exception, and promote the drugs into the market as soon as possible. Secondly, put the public health, medicine patent and the IPRs protection of traditional knowledge and the genetic resources together. Through giving the traditional knowledge and the genetic resources IPRs protection to treat the developed countries' medicine patents, they can settle the public health crisis. Finally, the legal mechanism of Prior Consent is a new strategy that Brazil proposed for the purpose of protecting the public health, which divides the examination of patent applications for pharmaceutical products and processes between two federal agencies, National Institute of Intellectual Property and National Sanitary Supervision Agency. ANVISA has the obligation to render the final decision, granting or denying a patent.

其中前四种措施是国际社会上一直以来倡导的主要措施，后三种是新的解决公共健康危机的法律措施，其创新点在于：第一，呼吁将禁止反向支付纳入法律，并与BOLAR例外相结合使用，促进仿制药品的尽快上市；第二，将公共健康、医药品专利以及传统知识和遗传资源的知识产权保护三者紧密相连，通过对传统知识和遗传资源予以知识产权保护来应对发达国家的医药品专利；第三，&事先同意&法律制度是巴西提出的一种旨在保护公共健康，应对医药专利的新的法律制度，该制度规定凡是涉及医药品专利的申请都必须经过国家知识产权局和国家公共卫生监督局的公共审查，并且国家公共卫生监督局有是否授予专利的最终决定权。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

Delimitating the conception of health , disease risk and medical insurance etc ., inducing the basic characteristic and the main function of the medical insurance ; recalling the history proceeding in the medical insurance law system in the world and establishment , development and reformation of our country ' s medical insurance law system ; analyzing the shortcomings of our traditional medical insurance law system and comparing it with the current law system from the aspects such as insurance efficiency , relation of right and duty , security level , covering scope and management methods etc .

界定了健康、疾病风险与医疗保险等概念，归纳了医疗保险的基本特征与主要作用；回溯了世界医疗保险法律制度的历史沿革和我国医疗保险法律制度的建立、发展与改革，剖析了我国传统医疗保险法律制度存在的弊端，并将之与我国现行医疗保险法律制度进行了比较分析，客观地指出了现行医疗保险法律制度与传统制度相比所取得的进步以及需要进一步完善的问题；探讨了当前完善我国医疗保险法律制度的相关政策建议。

Chinese traditional legal culture has positive and negative influences on the present" fathering with laws and moralities ".

中国传统法律文化对现今&法德兼治&有着正负方面的影响。

Following several millenniums traditional law systems transformation is not suiting for this age.

与此相关的沿袭了几千年的传统法律制度的变革亦时不我待。

As the litigant concept of traditional legal culture in China, the opinion of "disgust to litigation" misinterprets the accurate attitude to the litigation.

就中国传统法律文化诉讼观念而言，&厌恶诉讼&的观点曲解了人们对于诉讼的真实态度。

In traditional Chits there existed the "not disputed" legal value orientation production reason is not merely because traditional China has pursued harmonious philosophy culture tradition, a more direct came from economic agent the political factor and the law itself then.

传统中国存在着&无讼&法律传统，&无讼&法律传统的价值取向的产生原因不仅仅是传统中国有着追求和谐的哲学文化传统，其实西方法律也有着对和谐价值的追求，更为直接的原因来自当时的经济因素、政治因素和法本身的因素。

On the contrary, the author argues that we should conform us to the subsantialistic tendency of Economic Law and establish newfashioned controlled power mode such as amplifying the function of Third Sector enough、establishing and developping independent regulatory agency actively、paying regard to de-coercion of Economic Law.

重点探讨了经济法与司法的关系，认为司法在经济法运行中尽管有其用武之地，但司法作为一种旨在保障形式理性法有效运行的制度设计，其自身的性质和功能决定了司法在经济法运行中无法发挥主导作用，经济法在总体上不可能成为象民商法、行政法等传统法律那样的司法法或裁判法。

With this spirit, the authores take a fresh look at traditional theory on requirements of establishment and validity of civil juristic act.

在这种理念支配下，作者对传统法律行为的成立和生效要件论说了一个新的认识。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。