传统方法

Chinese traditional culture is a large sprit treasury, The study and analysis of Chinese traditional architecture by Liu Dunzhen and Liang Sicheng is the inchoation of the research, thereafter, many scholars make great efforts to that and gain a lot of achievement.

采用现代建筑学方法对中国传统建筑所进行的研究肇始于刘敦桢、梁思成先生对中国南北方建筑的调查与考证，自此以降，中国传统建筑的研究历经一代代学者努力，取得了丰硕成果。

Because of more monitoring classification and data type, too much data from the fishery monitoring,it is difficult to show results of data analysis intuitionally and roundly by groovy method of statistics and analysis...

由于渔业资源监测所获得的监测类别多，数据量大，数据类型较多，传统的统计分析方法，很难全面直观的将分析数据及结果呈现出来，同时由于渔业资源监测涉及到监测站点多、监测区域广，有的要跨越几个省市，这样数据难以与地理信息有机结合起来，传统的数据统计结果已不能适应渔业资源动态监测的需要。

Both of the manual keratometry and average simulated keratometry were used to measure anterior radius of cornea only, overestimation of corneal power by them could be expected after refractive surgery owing to negligence of posterior radius of cornea.

由於传统平约K值与拟传统平均K值均只测量角膜的前弧度，故於准分子雷射屈光手术后，若仅以这些方法量得角膜的屈光能力，将会产生数值过大现象。

Based on A.Greif's study of the relation between cultural tradition and institutional changes, this paper, utilizing game theory and historical evidences, discussed the different cultural tradition of Genoa and Maghribi traders in late Middle Ages and its effects on the selection of economic institution, political system and social structural changes, and gave a new explanation for the source of the ramifications in the institution changes of the East and the West.

本文以格瑞夫关于文化传统与制度变迁关系问题的研究为基础，运用了博弈论与历史经验的归纳性分析相结合的研究方法，以中世纪晚期的热那亚和马格里布为典型案例，对不同文化传统对经济制度、政治体制和社会结构变迁所产生的影响，进行了深入具体的历史比较制度分析，并进一步对东西方国家长期制度变迁出现轨迹分叉的根源，提出了全新的说明与阐释。

From the view of Chinese traditional music culture, the paper deeply researched the category, formation, style of the specific technique, and especially in the principle and practicing methods with the entrance of morphic character of Chinese traditional music.

特点在于从民族化作品所依存的中国传统音乐文化的观察角度，以传统音乐的形态特征作为分析和解决问题的切入点，对小提琴民族化演奏技法的种类、成因、风格把握、尤其是演奏技术原理、练习方法等问题进行了初步的研究。

The Lynn White debate, which begun when White called for a rethinking of Christianity or its replacement by a nonWestern religion, has proved an obstacle to dealing with the environmental crisis The defense of Christianity that followed inhibited Asian and comparative environmental ethics in the West and did not produce environmentally useful results Whenever the relationship of religion and the environment was raised, the discussion quickly shifted to the issue of Christian responsibility for the environmental crisis The problem with the debate is that in many important ways, the White thesis is correct: Christianity is indeed responsible to a significant degree in that Christianity desacralized nature and it supported policies politically in the Middle Ages that encouraged now harmful human population growth and promoted science and technology, much of which has proved to be environmentally problematic There was nevertheless a second tradition of which Saint Francis of Assisi was a part that was environmentally friendly and that could be useful in rethinking Christianity environmentally It is however unlikely that Christianity will prove useful in the development of an environmental ethic in nonWestern countries or that nonWestern religions will succeed in producing an environmental ethic in the West It is therefore important that religious scholars move beyond assigning blame for the environmental crisis and find ways for the major world religions to help develop environmental ethics as best they can within their own cultural spheres

林恩怀特争论始于怀特关于对基督教进行重新思考或者由非西方宗教取而代之的呼吁。林恩怀特争论已经被证明成为处理环境危机的一个障碍。由此而起的对基督教的辩护制约了亚洲和其他比较环境伦理学在西方的发展，没有产生对环境有益的结果。无论何时，当人们谈及宗教和环境的关系的时候，讨论都会迅速转向有关基督教对环境危机责任的讨论。这一争论的关键在于，怀特的论文在很多方面是对的：基督教的确在相当大的程度上造成了自然的世俗化，并且在中世纪，基督教在政治上对现在看来有害的人口增长的政策提供了支持，促进了科学和技术的发展，很多诸如此类的政策已经被证明对环境是有害的。但是，基督教还存在另一种对环境友好的传统，Assisi城的&圣芳济&运动就是其中一例，这种传统也许对于从环境角度重新认识基督教是有益的。但是，对于非西方国家环境伦理的发展，基督教将很难能够有所作为，非西方宗教也不大可能成功地在西方产生出某种环境伦理。因此，对于研究宗教的学者们而言，重要的是要走出谁应该为环境危机受到指责的争论，找到世界各主要宗教如何在其各自的文化范围内对发展环境伦理提供最佳帮助的方法。

If the geoid or quasi-geoid model is given, GPS can be used directly to determine orthometric height or normal height, which can take the place of the traditional geometric leveling and make the seperation mode of plane control network and elevation control network in traditional geodesy become a history.

在高精度、高分辨率大地水准面模型的支持下，利用GPS技术可以直接测定正高或正常高，从而取代传统繁琐的水准测量方法，使得平面控制网和高程控制网分离的传统大地测量模式成为历史。

A new mathematical model is put forward numerically to simulate the wheel ovalization.. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic model of a half railway vehicle coupled with a tangent track is employed. Using the new numerical method investigates vehicle-track coupling system dynamic responses including lateral and vertical displacement of wheelsets and the vehicle, lateral and vertical vibration acceleration of the track at different phase angle of the two side wheels of the same wheelset, which are compared with that of the traditional model. The numerical results show that the discipline and frequency of dynamic responses are accordant, amplitude and phase of lateral dynamic responses are different. It is concluded the traditional track geometric irregularity excitation model does not simulate the effect of periodic wheels ovalization on vehicle-track coupling system dynamic behavior truly, the new model is more accurate and reasonable.

本文研究了车轮二阶周期性非圆化—椭圆化，建立了一个新的模拟车轮椭圆化的数学模型，结合车辆－轨道空间耦合动力学模型，计算了同一轮对左右车轮不同相位和车轮椭圆度下轮对和车体的横、垂向位移，钢轨横、垂向振动加速度，并与传统模型计算结果作了对比，分析表明两种模型的动力响应变化规律和频率一致，但横向动力响应幅值和相位均存在不同程度不可忽略的差异，因此传统的轨道几何不平顺激励模型不能真实模拟车轮的周期性椭圆化对车辆－轨道耦合动态行为的影响，而本文模型更能反映实际椭圆车轮与钢轨接触情形，计算方法准确而合理。

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity after CNS injury, the gene expression profile in the rat hippocampus following perforant path transections was explored by several methods including custom differential screening, custom cDNA array and cDNA microarray.

为了阐明中枢神经系统损伤后神经可塑性的分子机制，本实验探索了多种方法，包括传统差异筛库、传统cDNA array和cDNA microarray，对穿通纤维切断后大鼠海马的基因表达图谱进行了研究。

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity after CNS injury, the gene expression profile in the rat hippocampus following perforant path transections was explored by several methods including custom differential screening, custom cDNA array and cDNA microarray. Of 2300 cDNA clones from low-abundance rat brain cDNA bank, 6 were identified as differentially expressed genes/ESTs in the hippocampus 35 days after lesion, in which none was confirmed by Northern blot. Of 8000 cDNA elements, custom cDNA array identified 47 as differentially expressed genes/ESTs with above 3-fold changes in the hippocampus 35 days after lesion, in which 25 were up-regulated and 22 down-regulated.

中文题名去传入海马的差异表达基因筛选和Cystatin C表达副题名外文题名 Screening of the differentially expressed genes and cystatin C expression in the deafferented hippocampus 论文作者应国新导师周长福研究员学科专业神经生物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院上海生命科学研究院学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数121页关键词海马星型胶质细胞 Cystatin C 基因表达去神经海马馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q42 /27 为了阐明中枢神经系统损伤后神经可塑性的分子机制，本实验探索了多种方法，包括传统差异筛库、传统cDNA array和cDNA microarray，对穿通纤维切断后大鼠海马的基因表达图谱进行了研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。