传统方法

Firstly, it seeks the sources from which theories have been developed, by a summary of evolution or a road-map. Secondly, it explains the two basic forms taken by traditional theories on intra-industry trade, namely, horizontal intra-industry trade model and vertical intra-industry trade model. Both models take final products as trade objects and products of same industry are thus simultaneously exported and imported among developed nations and among developed nations and developing ones.Thirdly, it points out that the theory of vertical intra-industry trade has already been expanded in scope in the area of trade between developed countries and LDCs. It shows that the implication of vertical intra-industry trade has expanded to the importation and exportation of parts and components, intermediate products or processing products produced via various working procedures or different production links within the same industry, with MNCs as carriers. It gives the summary of the methods of measuring intra-industry trade and argues that the basic method adopted by this thesis is G-L Index. In addition, GHM and Input-output Analysis are introduced to demonstrate the expansion of vertical intra-industry trade.

首先，通过整理国际贸易理论的发展脉络，寻求产业内贸易的理论渊源；其次，阐述产业内贸易传统理论的两种基本形式，水平型产业内贸易与垂直型产业内贸易的理论模型，指出两者都以最终产品为贸易对象，实现了发达国家之间或发达国家与发展中国家之间的同一产业内产品的同时进口和出口；第三，结合全球化的特点和跨国公司在国际要素分工中的基础作用，指出发达国家与发展中国家之间的垂直型产业内贸易理论已经得到拓展，表明垂直型产业内贸易涵义已发展成为以跨国公司为载体的同一产业内不同生产工序或不同生产环节的零部件、中间产品或加工产品的进口和出口；最后，归纳了产业内贸易的计量方法，指出本文的产业内贸易基本计量方法是G-L指数(格鲁贝尔-洛伊德计量法)，并在此基础上进一步说明与垂直型产业内贸易的拓展相关的计量方法包括：GHM计量法和Hummels投入-产出分析法。

By full use of the test data, the best saccharification technology of glutinous rice by two enzymes method in monascus waxberry wine was obtained.

提出了一种将人工神经网络技术与传统正交试验方法相结合的试验数据分析、处理和优化的新方法，能充分利用试验数据，仿真获得最优组合，并将该方法应用到红曲杨梅果酒的糯米淀粉双酶法糖化工艺中，获得了最佳工艺，取得了很好的效

As for the selection of metrics, this paper uses traditional object-oriented metrics, which have been proved to be the"weatherglass"by practice that mostly reflects the design problems.

在软件度量方法的选取上，JMT工具沿用传统的面向对象软件度量方法，这些度量方法经实践已被证明是最能反映代码设计问题的"晴雨表"。

Compared with the conventional model test method and empirical method it is found that the numerical method is more cost-effective and the method is worthy of being advertent and developed.

这一数值计算方法较之传统的实验和经验方法提高了计算分析效率、降低了成本，是一种值得重视和发展的数值计算方法。

The first mean of my graduation design integrate the traditional design and modern design commutatively, the second is CAD, and the third is the design of modularity, and so on.

本设计采用设计方法有：传统的设计方法与现代研究方法相结合；计算机辅助设计；模块化设计等。

Based on analyzing the methods and defects of traditional instruction evaluation, this paper explained the principles , evaluation methods and process of information-based instruction evaluation, and then compared them in seven aspects, such as purpose of evaluation, the constituter of the evaluation criterion, the concern about the education resource, the methods of evaluation , the ability that students obtain, the integrate of evaluation and instructional course, the concern about the environment etc.

本文从分析传统教学评价方法及缺陷入手，阐述了信息化教学评价的原则、方法及过程，并从评价目的，评价标准的制定者，对学习资源的关注，评价的方法，学生所获得的能力，评价与教学过程的整合性和对情境的关注性等七个方面对二者其进行了比较。

The advantages claimed by its proponent over conventional instrumentations are better cosmesis and reduced morbidity due its minimal invasive nature .

这种方法的支持者宣称相比传统器械治疗方法的优点：因为它的微创特点，这种方法更美观，减少死亡率。

Change empiristic and fuzzy ways to systematic, scientific and precise solutions to improve quality, shorten periods, reduce risk and enhance customer satisfaction.

并运用这些先进的管理思想和方法对新产品开发流程进行优化，将传统的经验式、模糊式管理方法转变为系统、科学、严密的管理方法，以达到提高产品开发质量，缩短产品开发周期，降低产品开发风险，提高客户满意度的目的。

In this paper, several traditional models for computing are introduced at first. Conferring probability theory, the load boundary condition of that collector is analyzed, the characteristic values of Tubesheet in different design reference periods are computed. Based on homogenization method, after lots of numerical experiments, the mechanical characteristic of Tubesheet controlled different structure parameters is studied, and an empiristic formulas that could simplify Tubesheet to stiffen plate is gained. Then, G-M method is employed and Tubesheet is simplified to a normal plate.

本文在总结传统计算方法的基础上，参考概率设计方法，分析了大型袋式除尘器的荷载边界条件，计算了不同设计基准期下的花板可变荷载标准值，结合均匀化方法，通过大量数值实验，得出了不同参数对花板受力性能的影响规律，并拟合了将花板简化为加劲板的经验公式，再参考正交异性板法，最终推导了花板简化为均匀平板的经验公式。

In this project, we have deduced the joint inversion model of geodetic data, seismic data and geological data considering about their weight ratio; presented Bayes-iterative search inversion algorithm which improved on the traditional Bayes algorithm and strengthen the stability of inversion solutions; enriched and developed geodetic joint inversion theory and method of tectonic stress field; joint with geodetic, seismic, geological and geophysical data, we have inverted the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of crustal deformation of active tectonic blocks in North China and the present-day cruatal movement and strain-stress field by FEM, DDA and bi-cubic spline function fit method; especial for the crustal deformation result in some typical areas, we have presented geodynamical interpretation and done some seismic dangerous estimations.

大地测量联合反演构造应力场属于大地测量与地球动力学和地震学的交叉研究领域，主要内容是研究用大地测量地壳运动监测数据定量研究地壳运动和变形的动力学问题及分析预测地震，本项目推导了兼顾权比确定的大地测量、地震和地质三类数据的联合反演模型；提出贝叶斯-轮回搜索反演算法，改进传统的贝叶斯方法，改善反演解的稳定性；丰富、发展了大地测量反演构造应力场理论及方法；联合大地测量、地震、地质、地球物理数据采用有限单元法、块体不连续变形分析法和双三次样条函数拟合方法反演分析了华北地区活动地块运动时空变化特征以及中国大陆现今地壳运动与应变-应力场，对典型地区地表形变结果进行地球动力学解释并进行地震危险性估计。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。