传统方法

In traditional design for a wire-tube type condenser, the air's temperature around it is considered to be the ambient temperature. In fact, the air's temperature is affected by the distance between the refrigerator's back and the wall and is heated by the compressor and condenser, so its temperature is not equal to the ambient temperature. In this case, the traditional design method is not accurate.

传统的设计冷凝器的方法，是把丝管式冷凝器周围空气的温度当作环境温度，而实际上，由于受压缩机散热、冷凝器加热、冰箱后壁和墙壁之间的间距的影响，冷凝器周围空气的温度并不等于环境温度，因而传统的设计方法并不精确，为了保证设计的精确性，有必要对冷凝器周围空气的温度进行研究。

It is related to the variational inequality problem, bilinear programming, nonlinear equation. So there is actual meaning and theories value to study how to solve it.In recent years, many algorithms for solving the generalized linear complementarity problem are put forward. But they basically belong to the traditional iterative methods, and may not be efficient since the computing time required for a solution is greatly dependent on the dimension, structure of the problem and the complexity of the algorithm used. Different from the traditional algorithms, the neural network has many advantages on calculations and real-time applications for its inherent massive parallelism and electric circuit implementation.

近年来，人们对广义线性互补问题提出了许多算法，但这些方法基本上属于传统的迭代法，由于它们的计算时间极大地依赖于问题的规模、维数以及所使用的算法，因此很难满足实时并行的要求，与传统数值方法不同，由于内在的并行分布处理信息的特点及电路实现的潜能，神经网络有着许多计算上的优势和实时性的应用，自Hopfield提出著名的人工神经网络模型-Hopfield神经网络，并将其成功应用于优化问题后，用神经网络求解优化问题得到了相当深入的研究，并取得了许多重要的成果。

TCM cognitive method on bionomy and diseases,②TCM diagnostics,③Procession of Chinese crude drugs,④TCM preparation method,⑤Acupuncture and moxibustion,⑥Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology,⑦Culture of Tong Ren Tang Traditional Chinese Medicines,⑧Culture of Hu Qing Yu Tang Traditional Chinese Medicines,⑨Traditional Tibetan medicine.

对已确定的国家级非物质文化遗产"传统医药"的9个项目：①中医生命与疾病认知方法；②中医诊法；③中药炮制技术；④中医传统制剂方法：⑤针灸；⑥中医正骨疗法；⑦同仁堂中医药文化；⑧胡庆余堂中药文化；⑨藏医药等，进行了简单的介绍。

The draft decided to declare TCM as a macrocosm system,with details which involved the areas of TCM cognitive method on bionomy and diseases,TCM diagnostics,procession of Chinese crude drugs,TCM preparation method,acupuncture and moxibustion,Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology,Culture of Tong Ren Tang Traditional Chinese Medicines,Culture of Hu Qing Yu Tang Traditional Chinese Medicines,and traditional Tibetan medicine.

申报方案草案确定将中国传统医药整体"打包"申报世界非物质文化遗产，申报保护内容涉及中医生命与疾病认知方法、中医诊法、中药炮制技术、中医传统制剂方法、针灸、中医正骨疗法、同仁堂中医药文化、胡庆余堂中药文化、藏医药等9个项目。2006年，中医药申遗工作正式启动。

An approach is given according to the ideal of the traditional TOPSIS method, and another approach based on calculating the scores of borda for GDM problems with ordinal interval preference information is proposed.

依据传统理想点法的基本思路，给出了解决具有序区间偏好信息的群决策问题的理想点方法；根据传统Borda法的思路，提出了一种基于计算Borda分值的序区间群决策方法。

The popular methods of remote sensing image classification have been generally analyzed and summarized. And the main methods are classification based on statistic, neural network classification, fuzzy classification, decision tree classification, expert system classification. Finally, the characters of each method have been summarized.

现综合分析了目前主要的遥感图像分类方法，将遥感图像分类方法归纳为：基于传统统计分析的分类方法、神经网络分类方法、模糊分类方法、决策树分类方法、专家系统分类方法，并对各种方法的应用情况进行了综述，并总结出各种分类方法应用特点。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

In degraded PSM matching classification, errors modification method of degraded PSM is presented and the matching tensor of every canonical scattering centers is given. In Chapter 4, the theory of wideband millimeter-wave radar target identification is introduced. It is indicated that, for HR radar target identification, description of temoral relations among features and pattern recogntion adaptive to variation of target angles are of key importance. A rule-based pattern recogniton method of sequential reasoning is proposed, which uses a series of rules to describe relations of features variation caused by target angles variation and has the advantages of adaption to unrandom variation and false probability control in classification over traditional statistical pattern recognitiop method. Feature extraction is crucial step in target identification. In range profiles identification application, features are extracted by means of range domain pre-processing algorithm, spacial and amplitude visual computation directly from range profiles and transform algorithm based on range profiles. Visual or transformed features are either sufficiently convinced or necessarily convinced and both of them are effective and robust to range profiles identification.

在第四章，首先对宽带毫米波体制背景下目标识别方法的一些特点进行了阐述并指出，在毫米波雷达目标识别中，特征之间动态关系的描述以及能适应目标姿态角变化的模式识别方法的研究乃是要解决的关键问题；进而提出了一种基于规则库的序贯推理模式识别新方法，在这种方法的研究中，主要包括序贯推理规则库的规则排列与特征选用顺序以及规则库的收敛等问题；这种方法克服了传统的统计模式识别方法特征利用效率不高、难以适应特征值的非随机性变化的缺点，把姿态角变化所引起的特征的变化用一系列规则加以表示，其优点是能适应特征值的非随机性动态变化，并能控制分类过程中的差错概率α；特征抽取是目标识别中的关键步骤，在基于目标距离像的特征抽取方法研究中，提出了距离空间域的预处理算法、距离空间域与幅度域的直观特征抽取方法以及基于目标距离像变换分析的特征抽取方法。

In this paper Ⅰ successfully applied these methods to fault diagnosis, and presenting some new innovative machinery fault diagnosis method; First Ⅰ present a new gear wornout fault diagnosis method, this method use the vibration signal's time-frequency attribute and instantaneous phase undulation to accurately detect gear's fault, and by comparing with the traditional frequency domain analysis method, this method reveals that many nonlinear and nonstationary characteristic exist in gear's vibration, this tell us that if we use frequency domain analysis method without pay attention to the signal's characteristic, we could get wrong diagnostic result; Then Ⅰ present a new bearing fault diagnosis method, this method use ATVFD and Hilbert transform to do envelop demodulation,Ⅰ analyze the envelop with time-frequency method and find out that this method is more accurate then traditional method.Ⅰ also explain that the modulation of the fault to the carrier wave may also be non-stationary and nonlinear; Finally Ⅰ present a cylinder pressure measurement method of diesel engine by means of vibration, cylinder pressure is an important parameter of diesel engine fault diagnosis, the pressure measuring is simplified a lot by this method,Ⅰ also use the ATVFD and time-frequency analysis to realize it.

本文中将上述理论方法成功地应用到故障诊断中去，提出了几点创新性的诊断方法；提出了一种齿轮磨损故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用振动信号能量的时频域分布特征与瞬时相位波动特征可以进行精确的齿轮故障诊断，并通过与传统的频域诊断方法的比较，揭示出齿轮振动中存在的明显的非线性与非平稳特征，说明了不加选择地利用频域分析方法进行齿轮故障诊断很可能会得到错误的诊断结果；提出了一种轴承故障诊断的新方法，该方法利用ATVFD分解与Hilbert变换进行包络解调，并对解调得到的包络信号进行时频域分析，可以实现更加准确轴承故障诊断，说明了故障对载波信号的调制往往也是非平稳与非线性的；提出了一种利用振动信号进行柴油机汽缸内压力检测的新方法，柴油机汽缸压力的变化是柴油机故障诊断的重要参数，利用振动方法可大大简化汽缸压力的检测过程，该方法也是综合利用ATVFD分解与时频域分析方法实现的。

Base on the understanding of the core of Chinese traditional bamboo culture, the project analysis Chinese modern life and esthetics with Typical Group of People Analysis, Life Style Research, Mood Board and Quadrant Distribution Map. The research analyses modern people's requirements to bamboo culture, discusses the possibility of combining modern esthetics with traditional bamboo culture, and creatively induces the modern applications of bamboo culture according to both material and spirit consideration. It is wished that through this research, the quality of modern product design would be improved through the combination of advanced modern technology, modern design and modern aesthetic elements with the traditional bamboo culture and bamboo materials. It is also wished that by the use of bamboo culture which reflects the nature of Chinese civilization, the Chinese design brand will be established, and the design with rich Chinese characteristics will be created.

本研究在对中国传统竹文化的核心和特征的理解归纳的基础上，采用了典型族群分析、生活形态研究、情态看板、四维象限分布图的研究方法，具体深入的研究了中国的现代生活及现代审美，并结合中国传统竹文化所表现出的审美意向和情趣，分析了现代人对传统竹文化的需求，以及传统竹文化与现代审美结合的可行性，并从竹材与文化内涵两方面探讨了竹文化在现代产品设计中的应用，希望能够通过结合现代先进技术、现代设计和现代审美的元素，运用竹文化所体现出来的中华文明的特质，提高现代产品设计的品质，并树立中国设计的品牌形象，创造出富有中国特色的设计。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。